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Linux利用fdisk工具建立分區的方法

日期:2017/3/2 10:29:51   编辑:Linux維護

當Linux系統硬盤還有不少空間的時候,我們能夠使用fdisk工具對系統進行分區,以滿足個人需求,那麼fdisk工具要如何使用呢?下面小編就給大家介紹下Linux使用fdisk建立分區的方法,感興趣的朋友可以來了解下。

首先查看硬盤信息

fdisk -l 如果有硬盤有剩余空間就可以對其進行分區

[root@bogon 桌面]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000471ad

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 26 3851 30720000 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 3851 4106 2048000 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda4 4106 10444 50912256 5 Extended

/dev/sda5 4106 10444 50911232 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

#從上面看出/dev/sda空間已經用完了,/dev/sdb沒有使用。

下面我們對/dev/sdb 進行分區

[root@bogon 桌面]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xfaa2aa49.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won‘t be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to

sectors (command ‘u’)。

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition‘s system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)

fdisk選中/dev/sdb 輸入m所有基本選項都出現,輸入n新建分區

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

有擴展分區和主分區,邏輯分區在擴展分區中建立。注意到括號中的1-4,最多只能建四個主分區(包括擴展分區)。先建一個主分區:

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p #建主分區

Partition number (1-4): 1 #分區號為1

First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): #直接回車默認從第一個柱面開始劃分

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +2G #加空間大小,這裡有很多種選擇:+後面單位可以接M,G,K(記得要大寫)表示劃分你所加的空間,也可以是柱面數。不管怎樣都不能超過該磁盤剩余的空間否則無效。

Command (m for help): p #分好後查看分區信息,剛所做的所有一目了然。

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xfaa2aa49

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux

同上所述建立擴展分區:

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

e #建立擴展分區

Partition number (1-4): 4

First cylinder (263-2610, default 263):

Using default value 263

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-2610, default 2610): +4G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xfaa2aa49

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux

/dev/sdb4 263 785 4200997+ 5 Extended

擴展分區建好我們就可以在擴展分區建立邏輯分區

Command (m for help): n

Command action

l logical (5 or over)

p primary partition (1-4)

l #建邏輯分區

First cylinder (263-785, default 263):

Using default value 263

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-785, default 785): +2G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xfaa2aa49

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux

/dev/sdb4 263 785 4200997+ 5 Extended

/dev/sdb5 263 524 2104483+ 83 Linux

上面顯示已經建好一個主分區,一個邏輯分區,但是這些現在還沒有生效我們需要保存退出。

Command (m for help): w #保存退出

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@bogon 桌面]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000471ad

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 26 3851 30720000 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 3851 4106 2048000 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda4 4106 10444 50912256 5 Extended

/dev/sda5 4106 10444 50911232 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xfaa2aa49

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux

/dev/sdb4 263 785 4200997+ 5 Extended

/dev/sdb5 263 524 2104483+ 83 Linux

再次查看就看到了/dev/sdb的分區信息,雖然現在我們看到進行分區了,但是內核kenel還沒有識別為了不要重啟將分區表寫入kenel我們要用到partprobe工具:使kenel重新讀取分區表。

[root@bogon 桌面]# partprobe

Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sda (設備或資源忙)。 As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.

kenel識別分區表後,我們還不能使用它要對其進行格式化。mkfs.加文件系統格式,擴展分區是不能格式化的。

[root@bogon 桌面]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 #格式化成ext4文件格式(要分區格式化,不能將整個硬盤格式化)

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

文件系統標簽=

操作系統:Linux

塊大小=4096 (log=2)

分塊大小=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

131648 inodes, 526120 blocks

26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一個數據塊=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216

17 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

7744 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

正在寫入inode表: 完成

Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@bogon 桌面]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb5 #格式化邏輯分區

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

文件系統標簽=

操作系統:Linux

塊大小=4096 (log=2)

分塊大小=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

131648 inodes, 526120 blocks

26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一個數據塊=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216

17 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

7744 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

正在寫入inode表: 完成

Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

格式化後就可以使用了

[root@bogon 桌面]# mkdir /bak

[root@bogon 桌面]# mount -o loop /dev/sdb1 /bak #掛載該分區到/bak

[root@bogon 桌面]# df -TH #查看當前硬盤掛載信息

文件系統 類型 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 掛載點

/dev/sda5 ext4 52G 3.9G 45G 8% /

tmpfs tmpfs 528M 279k 528M 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 ext4 204M 28M 166M 15% /boot

/dev/sda2 ext4 31G 2.9G 27G 10% /usr

.host:/ vmhgfs 144G 41G 104G 29% /mnt/hgfs

/ios/RHEL6.3.iso

iso9660 3.2G 3.2G 0 100% /guazai

/dev/sdb1 ext4 2.2G 71M 2.0G 4% /bak

上面就是Linux使用fdisk建立分區的方法介紹了,建立分區的前提是硬盤還有剩余空間,以免建立分區的時候出現問題。

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