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linux中oracle的日常維護命令

日期:2017/3/3 16:00:45   编辑:關於Linux

1. 檢查Oracle的進程

$ ps -ef|grep "ora_"|grep -v grep

oracle 5998 1 0 11:15:59 0:01 ora_j000_PPRD10

oracle 2968 1 0 21:16:57 0:00 ora_q000_PPRD10

oracle 2927 1 0 21:16:33 0:00 ora_pmon_PPRD10

oracle 2933 1 0 21:16:34 0:07 ora_dbw0_PPRD10

oracle 2945 1 0 21:16:34 0:02 ora_mmon_PPRD10

oracle 2931 1 0 21:16:33 0:00 ora_mman_PPRD10

oracle 2949 1 0 21:16:34 0:00 ora_d000_PPRD10

oracle 2970 1 0 21:16:57 0:00 ora_q001_PPRD10

oracle 2935 1 0 21:16:34 0:05 ora_lgwr_PPRD10

oracle 2951 1 0 21:16:34 0:00 ora_s000_PPRD10

oracle 2939 1 0 21:16:34 0:06 ora_smon_PPRD10

oracle 2957 1 0 21:16:47 0:00 ora_qmnc_PPRD10

oracle 2943 1 0 21:16:34 0:05 ora_cjq0_PPRD10

oracle 2947 1 0 21:16:34 0:00 ora_mmnl_PPRD10

oracle 2937 1 0 21:16:34 0:18 ora_ckpt_PPRD10

oracle 2941 1 0 21:16:34 0:00 ora_reco_PPRD10

oracle 2929 1 0 21:16:33 0:00 ora_psp0_PPRD10

在檢查Oracle的進程命令輸出後,輸出顯示至少應包括以下一些進程:

Oracle寫數據文件的進程,輸出顯示為:“ora_dbw0_ORCL”

Oracle寫日志文件的進程,輸出顯示為:“ora_lgwr_ORCL”

Oracle監聽實例狀態的進程,輸出顯示為:“ora_smon_ORCL”

Oracle監聽客戶端連接進程狀態的進程,輸出顯示為:“ora_pmon_ORCL”

Oracle進行歸檔的進程,輸出顯示為:“ora_arc0_ORCL”

Oracle進行檢查點的進程,輸出顯示為:“ora_ckpt_ORCL”

Oracle進行[url=javascript:;]恢復[/url]的進程,輸出顯示為:“ora_reco_ORCL”

2 . 查看數據庫的實例:

SQL> select instance_name,status,version,database_status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS VERSION DATABASE_STATUS

---------------- ------------ ----------------- -----------------

PPRD10 OPEN 10.2.0.4.0 ACTIVE

其中“STATUS”表示Oracle當前的實例狀態,必須為“OPEN”;DATABASE_STATUS”表示Oracle當前數據庫的狀態,必須為“ACTIVE”。

3 . 查看數據庫的日志模式,打開模式

SQL> select name,log_mode,open_mode from v$database;

NAME LOG_MODE OPEN_MODE

--------- ------------ ----------

PPRD10 NOARCHIVELOG READ WRITE

其中“LOG_MODE”表示Oracle當前的歸檔方式。“ARCHIVELOG”表示數據庫運行在歸檔模式下,“NOARCHIVELOG”表示數據庫運行在非歸檔模式下。

4 . 查看數據庫alert_SID.log 中的ora-的錯誤信息:

$ more /u01/app/oracle/admin/pinnsoft/bdump/alert_pinnsoft.log | grep -i ora-

WARNING: inbound connection timed out (ORA-3136)

WARNING: inbound connection timed out (ORA-3136)

ORA-12012: error on auto execute of job 78677

ORA-20820: ORA-20820:

ORA-06512: at "PS_SYSTEM.ROW_VALIDATOR_T", line 912

本文URL地址:http://www.bianceng.cn/OS/Linux/201410/45428.htm

ORA-06512: at "PS_SYSTEM.ROW_VALIDATOR_T", line 924

ORA-06512: at "WORKORDER.INVENTORY_UTL", line 1260

ORA-12012: error on auto execute of job 78677

4.1 查alert_SID.log中的err的信息:

$ more /u01/app/oracle/admin/pinnsoft/bdump/alert_pinnsoft.log | grep -i err

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/admin/pinnsoft/bdump/pinnsoft_j000_2666.trc:

ORA-12012: error on auto execute of job 78677

: 6000101: Error occurred when rolling Inventory date

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/admin/pinnsoft/bdump/pinnsoft_j000_11886.trc:

ORA-12012: error on auto execute of job 78677

: 6000101: Error occurred when rolling Inventory date

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/admin/pinnsoft/bdump/pinnsoft_j000_21375.trc:

ORA-12012: error on auto execute of job 78677

: 6000101: Error occurred when rolling Inventory date

4.2 查alert_SID.log的fail的信息:

$ more /u01/app/oracle/admin/pinnsoft/bdump/alert_pinnsoft.log | grep -i fail

PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump

PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump

PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump

5. 檢查控制文件狀態

SQL> select status,name from v$controlfile;

STATUS NAME

------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------

/data/app/oracle/oradata/PPRD10/control01.ctl

/data/app/oracle/oradata/PPRD10/control02.ctl

/data/app/oracle/oradata/PPRD10/control03.ctl

輸出結果應該有3條以上(包含3條)的記錄,“STATUS”應該為空。狀態為空表示控制文件狀態正常。

6. 查詢日志狀態

SQL> select group#,status,member from v$logfile;

GROUP# STATUS MEMBER

---------- ------- -------------------------------------------------------------

1 /data/app/oracle/oradata/PPRD10/redo01.log

2 /data/app/oracle/oradata/PPRD10/redo02.log

3 /data/app/oracle/oradata/PPRD10/redo03.log

輸出結果應該有3條以上(包含 3 條)記錄,”STATUS”應該為非”INVALID”,非“DELETED”。

7 . 查詢數據狀態:

SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile;

FILE# STATUS NAME

---------- ------- --------------------------------------------------

1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

4 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

5 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

6 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/perfstat.dbf

7 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/risenet.dbf

“ONLINE"表示正常在線狀態

8 . 查詢表空間狀態

SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS

------------------------------ ---------

SYSTEM ONLINE

UNDOTBS1 ONLINE

SYSAUX ONLINE

本文URL地址:http://www.bianceng.cn/OS/Linux/201410/45428.htm

TEMP ONLINE

USERS ONLINE

EXAMPLE ONLINE

PERFSTAT ONLINE

RISENET ONLINE

“ONLINE”表示正常在線狀態

9 . 檢查Oracle所有回滾段的狀態

SQL> select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;

SEGMENT_NAME STATUS

------------------------------ ----------------

SYSTEM ONLINE

_SYSSMU10$ ONLINE

_SYSSMU9$ ONLINE

_SYSSMU8$ ONLINE

_SYSSMU7$ ONLINE

_SYSSMU6$ ONLINE

_SYSSMU5$ ONLINE

_SYSSMU4$ ONLINE

_SYSSMU3$ ONLINE

_SYSSMU2$ ONLINE

_SYSSMU1$ ONLINE

11 rows selected.

10 .檢查Oracle初始化文件中相關的參數值

SQL>select resource_name,current_utilization,max_utilization,initial_allocation ,limit_value from v$resource_limit;

RESOURCE_NAME CURRENT_UTILIZATION MAX_UTILIZATION INITIAL_AL LI

------------------------------ ------------------- --------------- ---------- --

processes 26 31 150

sessions 30 37 170

enqueue_locks 23 31 2300

enqueue_resources 23 49 968 U

ges_procs 0 0 0

ges_ress 0 0 0 U

ges_locks 0 0 0 U

本文URL地址:http://www.bianceng.cn/OS/Linux/201410/45428.htm

ges_cache_ress 0 0 0 U

ges_reg_msgs 0 0 0 U

ges_big_msgs 0 0 0 U

ges_rsv_msgs 0 0 0

RESOURCE_NAME CURRENT_UTILIZATION MAX_UTILIZATION INITIAL_AL LI

------------------------------ ------------------- --------------- ---------- --

gcs_resources 0 0 0

gcs_shadows 0 0 0

dml_locks 0 68 748 U

temporary_table_locks 0 3 UNLIMITED U

transactions 2 11 187 U

branches 0 0 187 U

cmtcallbk 0 2 187 U

sort_segment_locks 0 3 UNLIMITED U

max_rollback_segments 11 11 187

max_shared_servers 1 1 UNLIMITED U

parallel_max_servers 0 0 40

22 rows selected.

11. 檢查Oracle各個表空間的增長情況

Select A.tablespace_name,(1-(A.total)/B.total)*100 used_percent

from (select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) total from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) A, (select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) total from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) B

where A.tablespace_name=B.tablespace_name;

SQL> Select A.tablespace_name,(1-(A.total)/B.total)*100 used_percent

2 from (select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) total from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) A, (select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) total from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) B

本文URL地址:http://www.bianceng.cn/OS/Linux/201410/45428.htm

where A.tablespace_name=B.tablespace_name;

3

TABLESPACE_NAME USED_PERCENT

------------------------------ ------------

UNDOTBS1 33.25

SYSAUX 99.0364583

RISENET .0125

USERS 62.5

SYSTEM 98.6067708

EXAMPLE 68.25

PERFSTAT 28.7625

7 rows selected.

12 . 檢查一些擴展異常的對象

select segment_name,segment_type,tablespace_name,

(extents/max_extents)*100 Percent from sys.DBA_segments

where max_extents!=0 and (extents/max_extents)*100>=95

order by percent;

SQL> select segment_name,segment_type,tablespace_name,

2 (extents/max_extents)*100 Percent

3 from sys.DBA_segments

4 where max_extents!=0 and (extents/max_extents)*100>=95

5 order by percent;

no rows selected

如果有記錄返回,則這些對象的擴展已經快達到它定義時的最大擴展值。對於這些對象要修改它的存儲結構參數。

13 . 檢查system表空間內的內容

select distinct(owner) from dba_tables

where tablespace_name='SYSTEM' and owner!='SYS'

and owner!='SYSTEM'

union

select distinct(owner) from dba_indexes

where tablespace_name='SYSTEM'

and owner!='SYS' and owner!='SYSTEM';

SQL> select distinct(owner) from dba_tables

2 where tablespace_name='SYSTEM' and

3 owner!='SYS' and owner!='SYSTEM'

4 union

5 select distinct(owner) from dba_indexes

6 where tablespace_name='SYSTEM' and

7 owner!='SYS' and owner!='SYSTEM';

OWNER

------------------------------

MDSYS

OLAPSYS

OUTLN

如果有記錄返回,則表明system表空間內存在一些非system和sys用戶的對象。應該進一步檢查這些對象是否與我們應用相關。如果相關請把這些對象移到非System表空間,同時應該檢查這些對象屬主的缺省表空間值,

14. 檢查對象的下一擴展與表空間的最大擴展值

select a.table_name,a.next_extent,a.tablespace_name

from all_tables a,

(select tablespace_name,max(bytes) as big_chunk

from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) f

where f.tablespace_name=a.tablespace_name

and a.next_extent>f.big_chunk

union

select a.index_name,a.next_extent,a.tablespace_name

from all_indexes a,

(select tablespace_name,max(bytes) as big_chunk

from dba_free_space

group by tablespace_name) f

where f.tablespace_name=a.tablespace_name

本文URL地址:http://www.bianceng.cn/OS/Linux/201410/45428.htm

and a.next_extent>f.big_chunk;

SQL> select a.table_name,a.next_extent,a.tablespace_name

2 from all_tables a,

3 (select tablespace_name,max(bytes) as big_chunk

4 from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) f

5 where f.tablespace_name=a.tablespace_name

6 and a.next_extent>f.big_chunk

7 union

8 select a.index_name,a.next_extent,a.tablespace_name

9 from all_indexes a,

10 (select tablespace_name,max(bytes) as big_chunk

11 from dba_free_space

12 group by tablespace_name) f

13 where f.tablespace_name=a.tablespace_name

14 and a.next_extent>f.big_chunk;

no rows selected

如果有記錄返回,則表明這些對象的下一個擴展大於該對象所屬表空間的最大擴展值,需調整相應表空間的存儲參數

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