在數據庫運維的過程中，Shell 腳本在很大程度上為運維提供了極大的便利性。而shell 腳本參數作為變量傳遞給SQL以及SQL腳本也是DBA經常碰到的情形之一。本文主要討論了如何將shell腳本的參數傳遞到SQL腳本之中並執行SQL查詢。
1、啟動sqlplus時執行腳本並傳遞參數
robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp.sh
#!/bin/bash
# ----------------------------------------------
# Set environment here
# Author : Robinson Cheng
# ----------------------------------------------
if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
. ~/.bash_profile
fi
if [ -z "${1}" ] || [ -z "${2}" ] || [ -z "${3}" ] ;then
echo "Usage: "
echo " `basename $0` <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>"
read -p "please input begin ORACLE_SID:" ORACLE_SID
read -p "please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" begin_date
read -p "please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" end_date
else
ORACLE_SID=${1}
begin_date=${2}
end_date=${3}
fi
export ORACLE_SID begin_date end_date
#Method 1: pass the parameter to script directly after script name
sqlplus -S gx_adm/gx_adm @/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/awr/tmp.sql $begin_date $end_date
exit
robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp.sql
SELECT snap_id, dbid, snap_level
FROM dba_hist_snapshot
WHERE TO_CHAR (begin_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh24') = '&1'
AND TO_CHAR (end_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh24') = '&2';
exit;
2、在SQL提示符下傳遞參數
robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp2.sh
#!/bin/bash
# ----------------------------------------------
# Set environment here
# Author : Robinson Cheng
# ----------------------------------------------
if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
. ~/.bash_profile
fi
if [ -z "${1}" ] || [ -z "${2}" ] || [ -z "${3}" ] ;then
echo "Usage: "
echo " `basename $0` <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>"
read -p "please input begin ORACLE_SID:" ORACLE_SID
read -p "please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" begin_date
read -p "please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" end_date
else
ORACLE_SID=${1}
begin_date=${2}
end_date=${3}
fi
export ORACLE_SID begin_date end_date
#Method 2: pass the parameter in SQL prompt. Using the same method with method 1
sqlplus -S " / as sysdba" <<EOF
@/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/awr/tmp.sql $begin_date $end_date
exit;
EOF
exit
3、通過定義變量的方式來傳遞參數
robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp3.sh
#!/bin/bash
# ----------------------------------------------
# Set environment here
# Author : Robinson Cheng
# ----------------------------------------------
if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
. ~/.bash_profile
fi
if [ -z "${1}" ] || [ -z "${2}" ] || [ -z "${3}" ] ;then
echo "Usage: "
echo " `basename $0` <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>"
read -p "please input begin ORACLE_SID:" ORACLE_SID
read -p "please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" begin_date
read -p "please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" end_date
else
ORACLE_SID=${1}
begin_date=${2}
end_date=${3}
fi
export ORACLE_SID begin_date end_date
#Method 3: pass the parameter to global variable firstly.
sqlplus -S " / as sysdba" <<EOF
define begin_date=$begin_date
define end_date=$end_date
prompt "variable value for begin_date is: &begin_date"
prompt "variable value for end_date id : &end_date"
@/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/awr/tmp3.sql begin_date end_date
exit;
EOF
exit
robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp3.sql
SELECT snap_id, dbid, snap_level
FROM dba_hist_snapshot
WHERE TO_CHAR (begin_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh24') = '&begin_date'
AND TO_CHAR (end_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh24') = '&end_date';
exit;
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4、測試腳本
robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> ./tmp.sh
Usage:
tmp.sh <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>
please input begin ORACLE_SID:CNMMBO
please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):2013030709
please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):2013030710
SNAP_ID DBID SNAP_LEVEL
---------- ---------- ----------
13877 938506715 1
robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> ./tmp2.sh MMBOTST 2013030709 2013030710
SNAP_ID DBID SNAP_LEVEL
---------- ---------- ----------
36262 3509254984 1
robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> ./tmp3.sh MMBOTST 2013030710 2013030711
"variable value for begin_date is: 2013030710"
"variable value for end_date id : 2013030711"
SNAP_ID DBID SNAP_LEVEL
---------- ---------- ----------
36263 3509254984 1
5、小結
a、本文主要描述了將shell的參數傳遞給SQL腳本
b、方式1的用法是直接將shell變量跟在腳本之後, sqlplus userid/pwd @script_name $para1 $para2
c、方式2是啟動sqlplus後在SQL提示符下來傳遞參數, SQL>@script_name $para1 $para2
d、方式3則是將shell變量的值先傳遞給define定義的變量，然後再傳遞給SQL腳本 SQL>@script_name var1 var2
e、注意方式3中SQL腳本的替代變量與define定義的變量名相同
作者：51cto博客 Oracle小混子
