看到很多人都在問自己的linux如何裝聲卡驅動，最近看到了威盛自己的介紹，用威盛南橋 的主板還不少，拿出我的理解分享以下，自己翻譯的不好，見晾！ There are four drivers available that support VIA AC97 audio. ＶＩＡ目前有四種驅動支持：如下
1. Linux kernel built-in: VIA's driver team has been working with kernel developers to integrate an audio driver into official kernel releases. The developers receive VIA's source and revise it before checking it into the kernel. Please note that built-in drivers don't support the VT8233/ 8233A/ 8235/ 8237/ 8251 South Bridges until kernel version 2.4.20. The source code is available in the kernel source tree. For 2.6.x kernel, many Linux distributions use ALSA driver as the default audio driver, which supports VIA AC97 audio chips and codecs. 第一種是集成到內核內的驅動支持，從2.4.20開始，VIA開發了集成到內核，支持 VT8233/ 8233A/ 8235/ 8237/ 8251南橋聲卡Code。2.6.x內核中各linux開發商使用Alsa驅動！
2. VIA's driver: VIA's driver supports the more popular distributions only. The source code is not released to the public. The VIA Linux Audio Driver supports 6 channel output as well as VIA’s Smart 5.1, the so-called the Intelligent 6 Channel Audio technology. VIA's audio driver supports both 2.4.x and 2.6.x kernels, and the drivers are tested in Red Hat, Fedora and Mandriva Linux distributions. VIA獨立開發了適用大部分流行inux發行版本的驅動，但是源碼沒有公開。支持6聲道和VIA智能5.1 聲道，可以在2.4.x和2.6.x下工作，測試過的有Redhat，Fedora 和 Mandriva 。
3. ALSA's driver: This driver can be found at ALSA's website. SuSE has adopted it as the default audio driver from release 8.1. It's source is available and free for all VIA South Bridge parts. VIA's driver team works with ALSA. ALSA驅動自從SUSE8.1發行以後作為默認驅動，VIA驅動開發小組參與了ALSA計劃，該驅動對VIA南橋聲卡Code是免費支持的。
4. OSS's driver: A fee is charged to use this driver once an evaluation period expires. It supports all of VIA's South Bridge parts. OSS驅動，可以支持所有VIA南橋Code，但是試用期過後要收費！
看了這些，你因該明白個所以然了吧，如果系統內核對VIA南橋音效芯片支持不好，可以使用VIA自己的驅動，或則選擇ALSA驅動，不過看到很多向我這樣的菜鳥不知道如何編譯，大家可以選擇VIA的驅動，因為它是以RPM包形式開發的,下面介紹一下安裝
英文原文：
The VIA Linux Audio Driver provides user with the source rpm package, which is convenient for users to download and rebuild the driver to suit your own hardware configuration. Follow the steps below to build the driver: (1) Decompress the driver
# unzip Linux_Audio_V230.zip（解包會吧） # cd Linux_Audio_V230 (2) Rebuild the driver（重新build驅動，呵呵！） # rpmbuild –-rebuild viaudiocombo-2.3-1.src.rpm (3) Install the driver（安裝驅動） # cd /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/ # rpm -ivh viaudiocombo-2.3-1.i386.rpm Then, run #lsmod command to verify whether the driver is installed properly（使用lsmod命令看看驅動加載了沒有！）.
You may run # rpm –e viaudiocombo-2.3-1 anytime to remove the driver. Refer to the “readme.txt” file in the driver for more detailed information.*（卸載驅動！） The VIA Linux Audio driver supports 6 channel sound outputs. In Linux, the application i.e. the player needs to support and implement the driver to enable the 6 channel sound audio output. （六聲道必需有播放軟件的支持！）
VIA支持頁面和驅動下載位置：http://www.viaarena.com/default.aspx?PageID=420&OSID=18&CatID=2090&SubCatID=104
Red Hat Linux 9 Audio Driver Installation Guid
Version 0.82, October 23, 2003 Copyright . 2001, 2002, 2003 VIA Technologies, INC.
1. Summary This document describes four methods of installing the audio driver for VIA south
bridge chips VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8235 and VT8237 under Red Hat
Linux 9. These methods include:
(1) OS built-in driver (only for VT8231) (2) ALSA driver from the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture project (3) OSS driver from 4Front Technologies. (4) VIA’s Audio Driver The step-by-step instruction for each method and a comparison of their respective
features are provided. The VIA Linux Audio Driver supports 6 channel output as well
as VIA’s Smart 5.1, the so-called the Intelligent 6 Channel Audio technology. The
information in this document is provided “AS IS,” without guarantee of any kind.
2. File description This package contains 8 files as described below.
07-24-03 11:18 26,903 bytes Linux_Audio_V230.zip VIA V2.30 Driver
10-20-03 17:54 1,645,407 bytes alsa-driver-0.9.7c.tar.bz2 ALSA 0.9.7 Driver
10-20-03 17:57 524,259 bytes alsa-lib-0.9.7.tar.bz2 ALSA 0.9.7 Library
10-20-0311:21 108,681bytes alsa-utils-0.9.7.tar.bz2 ALSA0.9.7 utility
01-22-03 14:54 306 bytes alsaconf
11-23-01 08:18 350 bytes audunmute
10-20-03 18:18 3,853,837 bytes oss398a-linux-v2x.tar.gz OSS Driver
Readme.doc this file
The ALSA driver packages are maintained by the Advanced Linux Sound
Architecture project, and users are advised to download the latest version from
http://www.alsa-project.org/. The Open Sound System (OSS) driver is maintained by
4Front Technologies, and users may download the latest evaluation version from
http://www.opensound.com/; however, using the OSS driver may require a fee.
3. Prior to installation preparation Before installing any audio driver, you should do two things. First, remove the
previously installed driver by following the steps below.
(1) OS built-in 1
# modprobe –r via82cxxx_audio
(2) ALSA # modprobe –r snd-pcm-oss # modprobe –r snd-seq-oss # modprobe –r snd-mixer-oss # modprobe –r snd-via82xx (ALSA 0.9.7)
(3) OSS Method 1: # cd /usr/lib/oss # ./soundoff (turn off the OSS audio driver) Method 2: # cd /usr/lib/oss # ./uninstall.sh (uninstall the OSS audio driver) (4) VIA
# rpm –e viaudiocombo-2.3-1
Next, if you have other vendors’ drivers installed as well, backup the “/etc/modules.conf” file. In case you make any mistake, you can always use the file to restore your system back to the initial configuration. Note before removing the previously installed driver, terminate any sound related applications and make sure your sound card is no longer in use. Run the “# lsmod” command to confirm whether the audio driver is loaded.
4. OS built-in driver (only for VT8231) The OS will automatically detect the on-chip audio controller and install the driver for it. To verify whether the driver is installed, run “# lsmod” in the command line to check if the audio module is loaded into kernel. If it was loaded, you should see the module named “via82cxxx_audio” and its size. The OS built-in driver works fine in VT8231 chip, but it has some problem in VT8233, VT8233A, VT8235, and VT8237 chips.
5. ALSA driver (1) Prepare kernel source code The kernel-headers and kernel-source are both required for rebuilding the audio
kernel module. You can select the source during your first installation process by
checking the box /Package Group Selection/Development/Kernel Development
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/Standard Packages/kernel-source. Alternatively, you may install the kernel source anytime by selecting “Add or Remove Packages” tool from the /Program/ System Settings in GNOME/ KDE, or run “rpm –ivh kernel-source-2.4.20-8.i386.rpm” command to install from the second installation CD under the path “/RedHat/RPMS/”.
(2) Download and decompress the ALSA package Download and decompress the package in a directory you specify, for example,
by using the following command.
# tar xjvf alsa-driver-0.9.7c.tar.bz2
(3) Create sound devices Change directory to “alsa-driver-0.9.7”, and run the following commands to
create new sound devices in the /dev directory and probe the audio controller.
# ./configure –-with-kernel=/usr/src/linux-2.4 # make # make install # ./snddevices
(4) Red Hat Linux 9 conflicts with ALSA wrapper code (optional) Before you load the module, due to the conflict between Red Hat Linux 9 and the ALSA driver, you may encounter problems while installing the ALSA driver. Follow the steps of the workaround below to run the make install again:
# make clean # touch include/linux/workqueue. h # make; make install
You have two choices to load the audio module into kernel: manually or automatically. If manually, go to Step 5, otherwise, go to Step 6.
(5) Manually load the audio modules Run the “modprobe” command to load the necessary audio modules into kernel.
# modprobe snd-via82xx dxs_support= 1 # modprobe snd-mixer-oss # modprobe snd-seq-oss # modprobe snd-pcm-oss
The reason to load the "snd-via82xx" modules with specifying "dxs_support=1" is to allow each stream to set the VRA due to some noise discovered while using the driver. However, after system reboot the audio modules no longer exist in the kernel; you need to manually re-load them again.
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(6) Automatically load the audio modules You need to edit and add the following lines to the “/etc/modules.conf” file. The audio and associated modules will be automatically loaded into the kernel upon the use of any audio applications.
alias char-major-116 snd alias snd-card-0 snd-via82xx alias char-major-14 soundcore alias sound-slot-0 snd-card- 0 alias sound-service-0-0 snd-mixer-oss alias sound-service-0-1 snd-seq-oss alias sound-service-0-3 snd-pcm-oss alias sound-service-0-8 snd-seq-oss alias sound-service-0-12 snd-pcm-oss
A sample configuration file “alsaconf” is provided in this package for your convenience.
(7) Use the mixer to enable audio features The audio features in the ALSA driver are muted by default. You may use either the KMIX or the ALSA mixer to enable them. The KMIX is easy to use and thus is recommended.
(a) Use the KMIX mixer (recommended) The mixer implements a GUI interface for users to adjust the sound level. Run the KMIX (selecting through Programs/Sound & Video/ Sound Mixer) to adjust settings. However, after system reboot the end user needs to run the KMIX again to enable the audio driver; otherwise, the audio driver will be muted. Once the KMIX is activated, the previously audio settings will automatically take into effect.
(b) Use the ALSA mixer Download and use the following instructions to install the ALSA library and
utilities. First, decompress them in the directory you specify.
# tar xjvf alsa-lib-0.9.7.tar.bz2 # tar xjvf alsa-utils-0.9.7.tar.bz2
Then change directory to “alsa-lib-0.9.7” and “alsa-utils-0.9.7”
respectively and run the following commands.
# ./configure; make; make install
After installing the ALSA utilities successfully, execute “# amixer”. You will
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see that all options are muted by default. Run the following 12 commands to un-mute and set the sound level.
# amixer set PCM 22 unmute # amixer set PC\ Speaker 22 unmute # amixer set Master 22 unmute # amixer set Master\ Mono 22 unmute # amixer set Headphone 22 unmute # amixer set Phone 22 unmute # amixer set Aux 22 unmute # amixer set Video 22 unmute # amixer set CD 22 unmute # amixer set Input\ Gain 22 unmute # amixer set Line 22 unmute # amixer set MIC 22 unmute
For your convenience, the “audunmute” script file is provided in this package. You may run the following command to enable all the audio function.
# ./audunmute
Note if you cannot run the “audunmute” command, make sure to change its attributes by the “chmod 755” command. After system reboot the audio driver will be muted; the end user needs to run the “audunmute” again to enable the audio driver.
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6. OSS driver Download an evaluation version and use “oss398a-linux-v2x.tar.gz” or later. Run the following two commands in the command shell to decompress and install the audio driver package.
# tar zxvf oss398a-linux-v2x.tar.gz # ./oss-install
The first command will decompress 6 files. The second will install the driver. If you have other audio modules loaded in your kernel or other third-party modules in your system, the OSS program may abort the install process. It’s important to make sure you remove any previously installed audio driver or modules before installing the OSS driver.
Navigate through the GUI interface to install audio driver; choose the target directory located at the decompressed OSS packages; remember to save the changes and exit. Next, change your directory to the target directory, # cd /usr/lib/oss. Run # ./soundon to load the related audio modules into kernel. You may run # ./soundoff anytime to disable the sound. The audio modules will not be loaded after restarting
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the system. If you want to have your audio devices work properly every time you reboot the system, follow the instruction in the OSS driver release notes.
7. VIA driver The VIA Linux Audio Driver provides user with the source rpm package, which is convenient for users to download and rebuild the driver to suit your own hardware configuration. Follow the steps below to build the driver:
(1) Decompress the driver # unzip Linux_Audio_V230.zip
# cd Linux_Audio_V230
(2) Rebuild the driver # rpmbuild –-rebuild viaudiocombo-2.3-1.src.rpm
(3) Install the driver # cd /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/
# rpm -ivh viaudiocombo-2.3-1.i386.rpm
Then, run #lsmod command to verify whether the driver is installed properly. You may run # rpm –e viaudiocombo-2.3-1anytime to remove the driver. Refer to the “readme.txt” file in the driver for more detailed information.
The VIA Linux Audio driver supports 6 channel sound outputs. In Linux, the application i.e. the player needs to support and implement the driver to enable the 6 channel sound audio output. For the VIA’s driver, the LinDVD player supports VIA’s driver and has both Analog and SPDIF 6 channel output. Visit the “LinDVD” for more information at http://www.intervideo.com/jsp/LinDVD.jsp and http://www.intervideo.com/jsp/Product_Profile.jsp?p=LinDVD.
VIA’s unique Smart 5.1 technology is the intelligent 6 Channel Audio output. Smart
5.1 allow the user to output 6 channel audio directly from the audio jacks on the motherboard, using the traditional line-in and microphone jacks as output jacks. For this to work properly, both the OS and the software application used need to support 6 channel audio. This is an open space for Linux developers to develop supported applications. Contact VIA’s personnel for more information.
