docker
環境：
centos 6.5 64位
默認裝完系統的話centos內核是
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
docker支持的內核是3.xx以上版本 系統必須是64位的
一、首先先升級自己本身的內核等級2.6-》3.xx
步驟：
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh http://dl.Fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://dl.Fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.mbaRhP: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:epel-release ########################################### [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
1 2 3cd /etc/yum.repos.d
wget http://www.hop5.in/yum/el6/hop5.repo
yum install kernel-ml-aufs kernel-ml-aufs-devel
更新內核
修改 /etc/grub.conf
連得default=1 給成0 默認選擇 重啟 內核會更新
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install docker-io
二、首先啟動docker 並且再做成開機自啟
[root@localhost ~]# service docker start
Starting cgconfig service: [確定]
Starting docker: [確定]
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig docker on
獲取cnetos鏡像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos:latest
centos:latest: The image you are pulling has been verified
511136ea3c5a: Pull complete
5b12ef8fd570: Pull complete
34943839435d: Downloading [===> ] 18.38 MB/232.5 MB 1h7m49s
#官方安裝方式docker pull imagename從docker的索引中心下載，imagename是鏡像名稱，例如docker pull Ubuntu就是下載base ubuntu並且tag是latest。
我們還可以搜索基於 Fedora 和 Ubuntu 操作系統的容器。
[root@localhost ~]# docker search ubuntu
[root@localhost ~]# docker search fedora
查看docker鏡像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images centos
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
centos latest 34943839435d Less than a second ago 224 MB
運行docker運行shell
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash
[root@2ce733141ece /]#
[root@2ce733141ece /]#
[root@2ce733141ece /]#
[root@2ce733141ece /]#
停止容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop <CONTAINER ID>
刪除所有容器
docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
查看docker的子命令，直接敲docker 或完整的docker help 就可以
常用命令
總結一下常用命令:
其中<>闊起來的參數為必選，[]闊起來為可選
•docker version 查看docker的版本號，包括客戶端、服務端、依賴的Go等
docker info 查看系統(docker)層面信息，包括管理的images, containers數等
docker search <image> 在docker index中搜索image
docker pull <image> 從docker registry server 中下拉image
docker push <image|repository> 推送一個image或repository到registry
docker push <image|repository>:TAG 同上，指定tag
docker inspect <image|container> 查看image或container的底層信息
docker images TODO filter out the intermediate image layers (intermediate image layers 是什麼)
docker images -a 列出所有的images
docker ps 默認顯示正在運行中的container
docker ps -l 顯示最後一次創建的container，包括未運行的
docker ps -a 顯示所有的container，包括未運行的
docker logs <container> 查看container的日志，也就是執行命令的一些輸出
docker rm <container...> 刪除一個或多個container
docker rm `docker ps -a -q` 刪除所有的container
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm 同上, 刪除所有的container
docker rmi <image...> 刪除一個或多個image
docker start/stop/restart <container> 開啟/停止/重啟container
docker start -i <container> 啟動一個container並進入交互模式
docker attach <container> attach一個運行中的container
docker run <image> <command> 使用image創建container並執行相應命令，然後停止
docker run -i -t <image> /bin/bash 使用image創建container並進入交互模式, login shell是/bin/bash
docker run -i -t -p <host_port:contain_port> 將container的端口映射到宿主機的端口
docker commit <container> [repo:tag] 將一個container固化為一個新的image，後面的repo:tag可選
docker build <path> 尋找path路徑下名為的Dockerfile的配置文件，使用此配置生成新的image
docker build -t repo[:tag] 同上，可以指定repo和可選的tag
docker build - < <dockerfile> 使用指定的dockerfile配置文件，docker以stdin方式獲取內容，使用此配置生成新的image
docker port <container> <container port> 查看本地哪個端口映射到container的指定端口，其實用docker ps 也可以看到
docker 把宿主機的目錄掛載到docker容器裡
[root@linuxidc ~]# docker run -t -i -v /root/convirt-install:/mnt/convirt docker.cn/docker/centos:centos5 /bin/bash #將宿主機目錄掛載到容器裡 -t 表示分配偽終端 -i表示以交互式方式運行 -v表示本地那個目錄 ：後面的是容器目錄
[root@fe943ba99287 /]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
rootfs 10190136 530928 9118536 6% /
/dev/mapper/docker-253:0-1314559-fe943ba9928734269761263a95fc81b2208544b976e79b6b55d397dc35961c38
10190136 530928 9118536 6% /
tmpfs 989592 0 989592 0% /dev
shm 65536 0 65536 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/vg_linuxidc-LogVol01
49212216 19620096 27069192 43% /etc/resolv.conf
/dev/mapper/vg_linuxidc-LogVol01
49212216 19620096 27069192 43% /etc/hostname
/dev/mapper/vg_linuxidc-LogVol01
49212216 19620096 27069192 43% /etc/hosts
/dev/mapper/vg_linuxidc-LogVol01
49212216 19620096 27069192 43% /mnt/convirt
tmpfs 989592 0 989592 0% /proc/kcore
[root@fe943ba99287 /]# cd /mnt/convirt/
[root@fe943ba99287 convirt]# ls
common convirt-install-2.1.1.tar.gz install
創建容器並提交鏡像
在容器裡安裝程序並且提交到鏡像裡
在docker容器裡安裝一個httpd用來測試，裝完退出
[root@linuxidc ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
fe943ba99287 docker.cn/docker/centos:5 "/bin/bash" 17 minutes ago Exited (0) 20 seconds ago distracted_archimedes
記住容器ID
提交容器到鏡像
[root@linuxidc ~]# docker commit fe943ba99287 web #提交容器到鏡像 web 是為鏡像起的名字
49bc0d42b01698a462868f2ecaedfec267fed02c393f1ad06ec17b0d1012eff2
[root@linuxidc ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
web latest 49bc0d42b016 54 seconds ago 532.9 MB #這是提交的鏡像
docker.cn/docker/centos 5 bac0c97c3010 3 weeks ago 466.9 MB
docker.cn/docker/centos centos5 bac0c97c3010 3 weeks ago 466.9 MB
centos 6 510cf09a7986 3 weeks ago 215.8 MB
centos centos6 510cf09a7986 3 weeks ago 215.8 MB
docker.cn/docker/centos 7 8efe422e6104 3 weeks ago 224 MB
docker.cn/docker/centos centos7 8efe422e6104 3 weeks ago 224 MB
docker.cn/docker/centos latest 8efe422e6104 3 weeks ago 224 MB
映射端口啟動機鏡像
[root@linuxidc ~]# docker run -d -p 80:80 --name apacheWEB web:latest /etc/init.d/httpd start
9eee2939f55a587d8a67b5ce5863318452c16c5254de608bdbc9a912d3ecee46
docker images
顯示鏡像列表
docker ps
顯示容器列表
docker run IMAGE_ID
指定鏡像, 運行一個容器
docker start/stop/pause/unpause/kill/restart CONTAINER_ID
操作容器狀態
docker tag IMAGE_ID [REGISTRYHOST/][USERNAME/]NAME[:TAG]
給指定鏡像命名
docker pull/push NAME:TAG
下載, 推送鏡像到 Docker registry server , NAME 部分包括了服務地址
docker rm/rmi CONTAINER_ID/IMAGE_ID
刪除容器, 鏡像
docker inspect CONTAINER_ID/IMAGE_ID
查看細節信息
docker top CONTAINER_ID
查看指定的運行容器的進程情況
docker info
查看系統配置信息
docker save/load
保存, 恢復鏡像信息
docker commit CONTAINER_ID
從容器創建鏡像
docker export > xxx.tar
保存一個容器
docker import - < xxx.tar
恢復一個容器
docker cp CONTAINER_ID:PATH HOSTPATH
從鏡像復制文件到實體機
docker diff CONTAINER_ID
查看容器相對於鏡像的文件變化
docker logs CONTAINER_ID
查看容器日志
docker build
從 Dockerfile 構建鏡像
docker history IMAGE_ID
查看鏡像的構建歷史
注意：如果發現docker起不來
[root@localhost ~]# service docker status
docker 已死，但 pid 文件仍存
首先要檢查你的內核版本號是否正確，如果沒更新過來需要更新
[root@localhost ~]# yum upgrade device-mapper-libs
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
* epel: mirror.premi.st
* extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
* updates: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
Setting up Upgrade Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package device-mapper-libs.x86_64 0:1.02.79-8.el6 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: device-mapper-libs = 1.02.79-8.el6 for package: device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64
---> Package device-mapper-libs.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package device-mapper.x86_64 0:1.02.79-8.el6 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: device-mapper = 1.02.79-8.el6 for package: device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64
---> Package device-mapper.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package device-mapper-event.x86_64 0:1.02.79-8.el6 will be updated
---> Package device-mapper-event.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: device-mapper-event-libs = 1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 for package: device-mapper-event-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 0:1.02.79-8.el6 will be updated
---> Package device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================================================================================================
Updating:
device-mapper-libs x86_64 1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 updates 256 k
Updating for dependencies:
device-mapper x86_64 1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 updates 211 k
device-mapper-event x86_64 1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 updates 133 k
device-mapper-event-libs x86_64 1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 updates 125 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================================================
Upgrade 4 Package(s)
Total download size: 725 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/4): device-mapper-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm | 211 kB 00:00
(2/4): device-mapper-event-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm | 133 kB 00:00
(3/4): device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm | 125 kB 00:00
(4/4): device-mapper-libs-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm | 256 kB 00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 121 kB/s | 725 kB 00:06
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Updating : device-mapper-libs-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 1/8
Updating : device-mapper-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 2/8
Updating : device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 3/8
Updating : device-mapper-event-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 4/8
Cleanup : device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 5/8
Cleanup : device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 6/8
Cleanup : device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 7/8
Cleanup : device-mapper-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 8/8
Verifying : device-mapper-event-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 1/8
Verifying : device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 2/8
Verifying : device-mapper-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 3/8
Verifying : device-mapper-libs-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 4/8
Verifying : device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 5/8
Verifying : device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 6/8
Verifying : device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 7/8
Verifying : device-mapper-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 8/8
Updated:
device-mapper-libs.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1
Dependency Updated:
device-mapper.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 device-mapper-event.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# service docker restart
停止 docker： [確定]
Starting docker: [確定]
[root@localhost ~]# service docker status
docker (pid 3692) 正在運行...
[root@localhost ~]#
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