具體可以參考官方鏈接 https://www.varnish-cache.org/installation/redhat
# 安裝varnish repo rpm --nosignature -i https://repo.varnish-cache.org/redhat/varnish-4.0.el6.rpm # 安裝varnish yum install varnish
由於牆的原因，如果不能安裝varnish repo，可以直接通過翻牆下載varnish的rpm來直接安裝varnish （我是直接使用的紅杏chrome插件一個月10塊，挺不錯，我不是托兒）
rpm地址：http://repo.varnish-cache.org/redhat/varnish-4.0/el6/x86_64/varnish/
varnish-libs-devel-4.0.3-1.el6.x86_64.rpm varnish-libs-4.0.3-1.el6.x86_64.rpm varnish-docs-4.0.3-1.el6.x86_64.rpm varnish-debuginfo-4.0.3-1.el6.x86_64.rpm varnish-4.0.3-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
具體包的作用可以通過名字來反映出，注意安裝順序。
相關文件：
/etc/varnish/ vcl配置文件默認目錄。 /etc/sysconfig/varnish varnish配置文件 /etc/sysconfig/varnishncsa varnish ncsa日志配置文件 /var/log/varnish/ 默認varnish日志存放目錄 /etc/init.d/varnish varnish啟動腳本 /etc/init.d/varnishlog varnish debug日志啟動腳本 /etc/init.d/varnishncsa varnish ncsa日志啟動腳本
可用命令：
varnishadm varnish管理接口CLI varnishd varnish daemon varnishhist varnish柱狀顯示圖程序 varnishlog varnish debug日志命令 varnishncsa varnish ncsa日志命令 varnish_reload_vcl varnish reload vcl命令 varnishstat varnish狀態查看命令 varnishtest 測試varnish程序的命令 varnishtop varnish 日志排名
具體每個命令的解釋，如果安裝了varnish-docs-4.0.3-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 都可以通過man來查看，建議安裝。
關於varnish的配置主要兩個
/etc/sysconfig/varnish 關於varnishd運行參數的配置 /etc/varnish/default.vcl vcl配置文件，如何處理http請求
varnish啟動腳本調用/etc/sysconfig/varnish，每項參數在該配置文件中均有說明
vim /etc/sysconfig/varnish
# Configuration file for varnish
#
# /etc/init.d/varnish expects the variable $DAEMON_OPTS to be set from this
# shell script fragment.
#
# Maximum number of open files (for ulimit -n)
NFILES=131072
# 如果ulimit -n的值小於NFILES ，以內核參數為准，如果大於，以NFILES為准
# Locked shared memory (for ulimit -l)
# Default log size is 82MB + header
MEMLOCK=82000
# Maximum number of threads (for ulimit -u)
NPROCS="unlimited"
# Maximum size of corefile (for ulimit -c). Default in Fedora is 0
# DAEMON_COREFILE_LIMIT="unlimited"
# Set this to 1 to make init script reload try to switch vcl without restart.
# To make this work, you need to set the following variables
# explicit: VARNISH_VCL_CONF, VARNISH_ADMIN_LISTEN_ADDRESS,
# VARNISH_ADMIN_LISTEN_PORT, VARNISH_SECRET_FILE, or in short,
# use Alternative 3, Advanced configuration, below
RELOAD_VCL=1
# 值為1時，可以通過調用/etc/init.d/varnish reload來重載vcl。
# This file contains 4 alternatives, please use only one.
## Alternative 1, Minimal configuration, no VCL
#
# Listen on port 6081, administration on localhost:6082, and forward to
# content server on localhost:8080. Use a fixed-size cache file.
#
#DAEMON_OPTS="-a :6081 \
# -T localhost:6082 \
# -b localhost:8080 \
# -u varnish -g varnish \
# -s file,/var/lib/varnish/varnish_storage.bin,1G"
## Alternative 2, Configuration with VCL
#
# Listen on port 6081, administration on localhost:6082, and forward to
# one content server selected by the vcl file, based on the request. Use a
# fixed-size cache file.
#
#DAEMON_OPTS="-a :6081 \
# -T localhost:6082 \
# -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl \
# -u varnish -g varnish \
# -S /etc/varnish/secret \
# -s file,/var/lib/varnish/varnish_storage.bin,1G"
## Alternative 3, Advanced configuration
#
# See varnishd(1) for more information.
#
# # Main configuration file. You probably want to change it :)
VARNISH_VCL_CONF=/etc/varnish/default.vcl
# 指定加載默認的vcl配置文件的路徑
#
# # Default address and port to bind to
# # Blank address means all IPv4 and IPv6 interfaces, otherwise specify
# # a host name, an IPv4 dotted quad, or an IPv6 address in brackets.
# VARNISH_LISTEN_ADDRESS=
# 監聽地址，如果沒有指定，將監聽在所有接口上
VARNISH_LISTEN_PORT=80
# 監聽端口
#
# # Telnet admin interface listen address and port
VARNISH_ADMIN_LISTEN_ADDRESS=192.168.11.208
VARNISH_ADMIN_LISTEN_PORT=6082
# 管理監聽地址和端口
#
# # Shared secret file for admin interface
VARNISH_SECRET_FILE=/etc/varnish/secret
#
# # The minimum number of worker threads to start
VARNISH_MIN_THREADS=50
# 伴隨varnishd啟動是每個work啟動的線程數量，如果大量請求，請將此值調大，以避免啟動後的短暫瞬間線程數量不夠導致的鏈接丟失。
#
# # The Maximum number of worker threads to start
VARNISH_MAX_THREADS=1000
# 最大work啟動線程數量，
#
# # Idle timeout for worker threads
VARNISH_THREAD_TIMEOUT=120
# 如果threads在120秒處於空閒狀態，將會被varnish回收掉，但最終threads的值也不會小於VARNISH_MIN_THREADS定義值
#
# # Cache file size: in bytes, optionally using k / M / G / T suffix,
# # or in percentage of available disk space using the % suffix.
VARNISH_STORAGE_SIZE=500M
# 指定varnishd用來存放cache的空間。
#
# # Backend storage specification
VARNISH_STORAGE="malloc,${VARNISH_STORAGE_SIZE}"
# 指定varnish的存儲類型，可選file、malloc
#
# # Default TTL used when the backend does not specify one
VARNISH_TTL=120
#
# # DAEMON_OPTS is used by the init script. If you add or remove options, make
# # sure you update this section, too.
DAEMON_OPTS="-a ${VARNISH_LISTEN_ADDRESS}:${VARNISH_LISTEN_PORT} \
-f ${VARNISH_VCL_CONF} \
-T ${VARNISH_ADMIN_LISTEN_ADDRESS}:${VARNISH_ADMIN_LISTEN_PORT} \
-t ${VARNISH_TTL} \
-p thread_pool_min=${VARNISH_MIN_THREADS} \
-p thread_pool_max=${VARNISH_MAX_THREADS} \
-p thread_pool_timeout=${VARNISH_THREAD_TIMEOUT} \
-u varnish -g varnish \
-S ${VARNISH_SECRET_FILE} \
-s ${VARNISH_STORAGE}"
# 將上面的變量引用到DAEMON_OPTS參數，varnishd啟動時會應用DAEMON_OPTS
#
## Alternative 4, Do It Yourself. See varnishd(1) for more information.
#
# DAEMON_OPTS=""
vim /etc/varnish/default.vcl
# This is an example VCL file for Varnish.
#
# It does not do anything by default, delegating control to the
# builtin VCL. The builtin VCL is called when there is no explicit
# return statement.
#
# See the VCL chapters in the Users Guide at https://www.varnish-cache.org/docs/
# and http://varnish-cache.org/trac/wiki/VCLExamples for more examples.
# Marker to tell the VCL compiler that this VCL has been adapted to the
# new 4.0 format.
vcl 4.0;
# Default backend definition. Set this to point to your content server.
# 指定從哪裡可以取得資源。這樣一個簡單的vanish配置就完成了
backend default {
.host = "192.168.11.208";
.port = "81";
}
sub vcl_recv {
# Happens before we check if we have this in cache already.
#
# Typically you clean up the request here, removing cookies you don't need,
# rewriting the request, etc.
}
sub vcl_backend_response {
# Happens after we have read the response headers from the backend.
#
# Here you clean the response headers, removing silly Set-Cookie headers
# and other mistakes your backend does.
if (bereq.url ~ "\.(js|css|png|jpg|ico)$" && beresp.ttl <= 1200s && beresp.status == 200) {
unset beresp.http.set-cookie;
unset beresp.http.Cache-Control;
unset beresp.http.Via;
set beresp.ttl = 1200s;
}
}
sub vcl_deliver {
# Happens when we have all the pieces we need, and are about to send the
# response to the client.
#
# You can do accounting or modifying the final object here.
if (obj.hits > 0) {
set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT from varnish "+obj.hits;
}
else {
set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS from varnish "+obj.hits;
}
return (deliver);
}
/etc/init.d/varnish start
這時通過訪問你的網頁，js/css/png/jpg/ico的資源將會被緩存，如果你需要緩存其他資源可以在vclbackendresponse中定義，ttl指定緩存的時間，如果不指定默認讀取/etc/sysconfig/varnish中的TTL的值120秒。
通過查看http的響應頭將發現
Accept-Ranges:bytes Age:73 Connection:keep-alive Content-Length:2040 Content-Type:text/css Date:Fri, 05 Jun 2015 08:35:36 GMT ETag:"55715980-7f8" Last-Modified:Fri, 05 Jun 2015 08:10:40 GMT Server:openresty Via:1.1 varnish-v4 X-Cache:HIT from varnish 496 X-Varnish:30314557 10948617
特別注意的是：在某些條件下varnish將不緩存內容，最常見的是使用cookie。當一個被標記有cookie的客戶端web請求，varnish默認是不緩存。這些眾多的varnish功能特點都是可以通過寫vcl來改變的。
sub vcl_recv {
# Remove the cookie header to enable caching
unset req.http.cookie;
}
最 後提個建議，如果要使用varnish緩存html，這時你需要考慮的是，是否包含cookie，已經後台的更新（包括評論管理，文章修改，屏蔽等等）如 何通知varnish等等，需要你結合你的應用來添加vcl配置參數。典型的便是在發起後台更新操作時在vcl配置文件中截獲文章的id，然後更新緩存。
提供一個參考例子：
sub vcl_recv {
# Happens before we check if we have this in cache already.
#
# Typically you clean up the request here, removing cookies you don't need,
# rewriting the request, etc.
# html先清除cookie
if (req.method == "GET" && req.url ~ "^/articles/.*\.html$" && req.http.referer !~ "console" ) {
unset req.http.Cookie;
unset req.http.Cache-Control;
return(hash);
}
# 評論更新
if (req.method == "POST" && req.url ~ "/reviews" ) {
set req.http.purge-url = regsub(req.http.referer,"http://www.example.com.cn/articles/","");
ban("req.url ~ " + req.http.purge-url);
set req.backend_hint = default;
return(pass);
}
# 文章更新
if (req.method == "POST" && req.url ~ "/console/articles/\d+" ) {
set req.http.purge-url = regsub(req.url,"/console/articles/(\d+).*","\1");
ban("req.url ~ " + req.http.purge-url + ".html$");
set req.backend_hint = default;
return(pass);
}
# 為發往後端主機的請求添加X-Forward-For首部
if (req.http.X-Forward-For) {
set req.http.X-Forward-For = req.http.X-Forward-For + "," + client.ip;
} else {
set req.http.X-Forward-For = client.ip;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "static.example.com.cn") {
set req.backend_hint = static;
return (hash);
} elsif (req.http.host ~ "image(\d)*.example.com.cn") {
set req.backend_hint = image;
return (hash);
} elsif (req.http.host ~ "www.example.com.cn" && req.url ~ "\.(png|jpg)$") {
set req.backend_hint = default;
return(hash);
} else {
set req.backend_hint = default;
}
}
sub vcl_backend_response {
# Happens after we have read the response headers from the backend.
#
# Here you clean the response headers, removing silly Set-Cookie headers
if (bereq.url ~ "\.(html)$" && beresp.ttl <= 600s && beresp.status == 200 && beresp.http.set-cookie !~ "staff_id") {
unset beresp.http.set-cookie;
unset beresp.http.Cache-Control;
unset beresp.http.Via;
set beresp.ttl = 600s;
}
if (bereq.url ~ "\.(js|css|png|jpg|ico)$" && beresp.ttl <= 1200s && beresp.status == 200) {
unset beresp.http.set-cookie;
unset beresp.http.Cache-Control;
unset beresp.http.Via;
set beresp.ttl = 1200s;
}
}
