概述
利用“任務計劃”，可以將任何腳本、程序或文檔安排在某個最方便的時間運行。通俗的講就是定時執行某個腳本、程序。
常見用途
定時關機
定時檢查更新
定時對系統配置、數據庫、日志進行備份
定時清理垃圾文件
檢測是否已安裝
# crontab
-bash: crontab: command not found
執行 crontab 命令如果報 command not found，就表明沒有安裝.
開始安裝
# yum -y install vixie-cron
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 25960.
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
可能是系統自動升級正在運行，yum在鎖定狀態中。
可以通過強制關掉yum進程：
#rm -f /var/run/yum.pid
然後就可以使用yum了。
# yum -y install vixie-cron
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.btte.net
* extras: mirrors.sina.cn
* updates: mirrors.sina.cn
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
extras/primary_db | 32 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates/primary_db | 1.9 MB 00:07
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cronie.x86_64 0:1.4.4-15.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: dailyjobs for package: cronie-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/sbin/sendmail for package: cronie-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cronie-anacron.x86_64 0:1.4.4-15.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: crontabs for package: cronie-anacron-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64
---> Package sendmail.x86_64 0:8.14.4-9.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: procmail for package: sendmail-8.14.4-9.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6 will be installed
---> Package procmail.x86_64 0:3.22-25.1.el6_5.1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
cronie x86_64 1.4.4-15.el6 base 74 k
Installing for dependencies:
cronie-anacron x86_64 1.4.4-15.el6 base 31 k
crontabs noarch 1.10-33.el6 base 10 k
procmail x86_64 3.22-25.1.el6_5.1 base 162 k
sendmail x86_64 8.14.4-9.el6 base 716 k
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 5 Package(s)
Total download size: 994 k
Installed size: 2.1 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): cronie-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64.rpm | 74 kB 00:00
(2/5): cronie-anacron-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64.rpm | 31 kB 00:00
(3/5): crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch.rpm | 10 kB 00:00
(4/5): procmail-3.22-25.1.el6_5.1.x86_64.rpm | 162 kB 00:00
(5/5): sendmail-8.14.4-9.el6.x86_64.rpm | 716 kB 00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.3 MB/s | 994 kB 00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : procmail-3.22-25.1.el6_5.1.x86_64 1/5
Installing : sendmail-8.14.4-9.el6.x86_64 2/5
Installing : cronie-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64 3/5
Installing : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch 4/5
Installing : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64 5/5
ERROR:dbus.proxies:Introspect error on :1.2513:/org/freedesktop/PackageKit: dbus.exceptions.DBusException: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NoReply: Did not receive a reply. Possible causes include: the remote application did not send a reply, the message bus security policy blocked the reply, the reply timeout expired, or the network connection was broken.
Unable to send message to PackageKit
Verifying : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch 1/5
Verifying : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64 2/5
Verifying : sendmail-8.14.4-9.el6.x86_64 3/5
Verifying : cronie-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64 4/5
Verifying : procmail-3.22-25.1.el6_5.1.x86_64 5/5
Installed:
cronie.x86_64 0:1.4.4-15.el6
Dependency Installed:
cronie-anacron.x86_64 0:1.4.4-15.el6 crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6 procmail.x86_64 0:3.22-25.1.el6_5.1 sendmail.x86_64 0:8.14.4-9.el6
Complete!
查看命令幫助
crontab 並不支持-h或–help之類的選項，不過還是可以通過它查看命令幫助
# crontab -h
crontab：無效選項 -- h
crontab: usage error: unrecognized option
usage: crontab [-u user] file
crontab [-u user] [ -e | -l | -r ]
(default operation is replace, per 1003.2)
-e (edit user's crontab)
-l (list user's crontab)
-r (delete user's crontab)
-i (prompt before deleting user's crontab)
-s (selinux context)1
也可以使用 info crontab 命令查看詳細的幫助信息。
cron服務提供crontab命令來設定cron服務的，以下是這個命令的一些參數與說明:
crontab -u //設定某個用戶的cron服務，一般root用戶在執行這個命令的時候需要此參數
crontab -l //列出某個用戶cron服務的詳細內容
crontab -r //刪除沒個用戶的cron服務
crontab -e //編輯某個用戶的cron服務
比如說root查看自己的cron設置:crontab -u root -l
再例如，root想刪除fred的cron設置:crontab -u fred -r
在編輯cron服務時，編輯的內容有一些格式和約定，輸入:crontab -u root -e
進入vi編輯模式，編輯的內容一定要符合下面的格式:/1 * * * ls >> /tmp/ls.txt
服務狀態控制
/sbin/service crond start //啟動服務
/sbin/service crond stop //關閉服務
/sbin/service crond restart //重啟服務
/sbin/service crond reload //重新載入配置
/sbin/service crond status //查看狀態
或者使用
# service crond start
# service crond stop
# service crond restart
# service crond reload
# service crond status
開機啟動
你也可以將這個服務在系統啟動的時候自動啟動:
在/etc/rc.d/rc.local這個腳本的末尾加上:
/sbin/service crond start
現在Cron這個服務已經在進程裡面了，我們就可以用這個服務了。
Linux中利用crontab創建計劃任務 http://www.linuxidc.com//Linux/2013-06/86401.htm
Linux中用crontab例行工作安排 http://www.linuxidc.com//Linux/2013-06/85441.htm
Linux crontab不執行問題排查 http://www.linuxidc.com//Linux/2013-06/85432.htm
Ubuntu使用crontab定時任務 http://www.linuxidc.com//Linux/2013-05/84770.htm
Linux計劃任務(at batch crontab anacron) http://www.linuxidc.com//Linux/2013-03/81584.htm
Linux任務計劃 (at,crontab) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-09/122970.htm
更多CentOS相關信息見CentOS 專題頁面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=14
