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在Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3安裝RRDTool

關於RRDTool的簡單介紹:

RRDTool是由Tobias Oetiker開發的自由軟件,它使用RRD(Round Robin Database)作為存儲格式,Round robin是一種處理定量數據、以及當前元素指針的技術。RRDTool主要用來跟蹤對象的變化情況,生成這些變化的走勢圖。

其實它和mrtg 是同一家族, 主要都是在產生time-series 的圖檔(如流量,負載,溫度,人數.....),不過因為mrtg 當初的考量是畫兩種資料在圖上(或四個值),後來原作者覺得不足,所以另外又開發了rrdtool, rrdtool 本身可和mrtg 結合,但其結合基本上僅在於將mrtg 的文字檔的log 轉成rrd 儲存格式,通常user 尚需要mrtg-rrd/rrdcgi 去轉換,不過總覺得美中不足,因為最終其實你用到的還是rrdtool,雖然還有像my14all (http://my14all.sourceforge.net/) 這類的tools可以轉換並畫圖,但其追根究底還是以rrdtool 為base, 所以rrdtool 變成了最終也是最好的選擇。

平心而論rrdtool 的學習遠比mrtg 來得困難,且相關文件資料也沒有mrtg多,其中中文的參考又幾乎沒有,如果沒有較深厚的Linux 基礎(尤其是Shell Script) 或了解SNMP,懂得英文及好學的心,否則是不建議學習rrdtool 的.因為你可能很難去控制或獲得你所要的資料,亦可能難於表現圖檔。

當然,每個人看法不見得相同,完全看個人需要而定,就像用mrtg 畫CPU Load, Memory Usage,HTTP Client, Process...., 純使用mrtg 是較簡單且好用的,但是你要做很多圖,每張圖之間的關聯生基本上可能需要你用眼睛去判斷.但如果使用rrdtool 可以讓你四張疊成一張,如此也較好比較出其中的因果關系,不過此時你得懂得控制圖的表現方式來達到顯示上最好的結果.基本上學rrdtool 完全不需要有mrtg 的經驗. 但最好對系統資訊獲得的方法(cmd/ snmp/Shell Script )熟一點會較好處理.
 
RRDTool的優點:靈活,開放:
 
RRDTool的典型應用:
Cacti
NTOP
Nagios
SmokePing
RRDWeather 等等:(我下面就會有一篇博客來寫關於NTOP的配置)
 
 
好了,下面開始安裝我們的RRDTool:
 
安裝RRDTool的時候經常出現一下問題:
如:我已經下載包所謂的rrdtool的rrdtool - 1.3.1.tar.gz包了。但是./ configure命令發放大量的錯誤提示信息。我要如何的在Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x - 64 安裝RRDtool呢?
因為:RRD是Round Robin Database的縮寫。RRD是一個系統用來存儲和顯示的時間序列數據(即網絡帶寬,機房溫度,服務器的平均負載)。它存儲數據在一個非常緊湊的方式,將不隨時間變化的數據擴大,並提出了處理數據,以執行某種有用的數據密度圖。它可以使用,也可以通過簡單的包裝腳本(shell或perl)或通過前端設備的調查網絡,提供友好的用戶界面。
 
 
 下面介紹在RHEL上安裝RRDTool。
為了在Red Hat Enterprise Linux 上安裝RRTool,您需要安裝一些開發工具和庫。
 
步驟1:安裝需要依賴的包:
以root用戶登錄,然後輸入一下命令:
#yum install cairo-devel libxml2-devel pango-devel pango libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libart_lgpl-devel
輸入此命令後出出現以下信息:
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up Install Process
Package pango-1.14.9-6.el5.i386 already installed and latest version
Package freetype-2.2.1-21.el5_3.i386 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cairo-devel.i386 0:1.2.4-5.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: fontconfig-devel >= 2.0 for package: cairo-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libXrender-devel for package: cairo-devel
---> Package freetype-devel.i386 0:2.2.1-21.el5_3 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: zlib-devel for package: freetype-devel
---> Package libart_lgpl-devel.i386 0:2.3.17-4 set to be updated
---> Package libpng-devel.i386 2:1.2.10-7.1.el5_3.2 set to be updated
---> Package libxml2-devel.i386 0:2.6.26-2.1.2.8 set to be updated
---> Package pango-devel.i386 0:1.14.9-6.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: glib2-devel >= 2.12.0-1 for package: pango-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libX11-devel for package: pango-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libXft-devel for package: pango-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libXext-devel for package: pango-devel
--> Running transaction check
---> Package fontconfig-devel.i386 0:2.4.1-7.el5 set to be updated
---> Package glib2-devel.i386 0:2.12.3-4.el5_3.1 set to be updated
---> Package libX11-devel.i386 0:1.0.3-11.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-proto-devel >= 7.1-2 for package: libX11-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libXau-devel for package: libX11-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libXdmcp-devel for package: libX11-devel
---> Package libXext-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-2.1 set to be updated
---> Package libXft-devel.i386 0:2.1.10-1.1 set to be updated
---> Package libXrender-devel.i386 0:0.9.1-3.1 set to be updated
---> Package zlib-devel.i386 0:1.2.3-3 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libXau-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-3.1 set to be updated
---> Package libXdmcp-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-2.1 set to be updated
---> Package xorg-x11-proto-devel.i386 0:7.1-13.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: mesa-libGL-devel for package: xorg-x11-proto-devel
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mesa-libGL-devel.i386 0:6.5.1-7.7.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
 
Dependencies Resolved
 
================================================================================
 Package                   Arch      Version                    Repository
                                                                           Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 cairo-devel               i386      1.2.4-5.el5                base      130 k
 freetype-devel            i386      2.2.1-21.el5_3             base      146 k
 libart_lgpl-devel         i386      2.3.17-4                   base       21 k
 libpng-devel              i386      2:1.2.10-7.1.el5_3.2       base      181 k
 libxml2-devel             i386      2.6.26-2.1.2.8             base      2.1 M
 pango-devel               i386      1.14.9-6.el5               base      274 k
Installing for dependencies:
 fontconfig-devel          i386      2.4.1-7.el5                base      168 k
 glib2-devel               i386      2.12.3-4.el5_3.1           base      1.2 M
 libX11-devel              i386      1.0.3-11.el5               base      661 k
 libXau-devel              i386      1.0.1-3.1                  base       11 k
 libXdmcp-devel            i386      1.0.1-2.1                  base      7.6 k
 libXext-devel             i386      1.0.1-2.1                  base       57 k
 libXft-devel              i386      2.1.10-1.1                 base       16 k
 libXrender-devel          i386      0.9.1-3.1                  base      8.9 k
 mesa-libGL-devel          i386      6.5.1-7.7.el5              base      465 k
 xorg-x11-proto-devel      i386      7.1-13.el5                 base      247 k
 zlib-devel                i386      1.2.3-3                    base      100 k
 
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install     17 Package(s)        
Update       0 Package(s)        
Remove       0 Package(s)        
 
Total download size: 5.8 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/17): libXdmcp-devel-1.0.1-2.1.i386.rpm                | 7.6 kB     00:00    
(2/17): libXrender-devel-0.9.1-3.1.i386.rpm              | 8.9 kB     00:00    
(3/17): libXau-devel-1.0.1-3.1.i386.rpm                  |  11 kB     00:00    
(4/17): libXft-devel-2.1.10-1.1.i386.rpm                 |  16 kB     00:00    
(5/17): libart_lgpl-devel-2.3.17-4.i386.rpm              |  21 kB     00:00    
(6/17): libXext-devel-1.0.1-2.1.i386.rpm                 |  57 kB     00:00    
(7/17): zlib-devel-1.2.3-3.i386.rpm                      | 100 kB     00:00    
(8/17): cairo-devel-1.2.4-5.el5.i386.rpm                 | 130 kB     00:00    
(9/17): freetype-devel-2.2.1-21.el5_3.i386.rpm           | 146 kB     00:00    
(10/17): fontconfig-devel-2.4.1-7.el5.i386.rpm           | 168 kB     00:00    
(11/17): libpng-devel-1.2.10-7.1.el5_3.2.i386.rpm        | 181 kB     00:00    
(12/17): xorg-x11-proto-devel-7.1-13.el5.i386.rpm        | 247 kB     00:00    
(13/17): pango-devel-1.14.9-6.el5.i386.rpm               | 274 kB     00:00    
(14/17): mesa-libGL-devel-6.5.1-7.7.el5.i386.rpm         | 465 kB     00:00    
(15/17): libX11-devel-1.0.3-11.el5.i386.rpm              | 661 kB     00:00    
(16/17): glib2-devel-2.12.3-4.el5_3.1.i386.rpm           | 1.2 MB     00:00    
(17/17): libxml2-devel-2.6.26-2.1.2.8.i386.rpm           | 2.1 MB     00:00    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           2.1 MB/s | 5.8 MB     00:02    
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing     : zlib-devel                                              1/17
  Installing     : glib2-devel                                             2/17
  Installing     : freetype-devel                                          3/17
  Installing     : fontconfig-devel                                        4/17
  Installing     : libpng-devel                                            5/17
  Installing     : libXau-devel                                            6/17
  Installing     : libxml2-devel                                           7/17
  Installing     : libart_lgpl-devel                                       8/17
  Installing     : xorg-x11-proto-devel                                    9/17
  Installing     : libX11-devel                                           10/17
  Installing     : libXrender-devel                                       11/17
  Installing     : libXft-devel                                           12/17
  Installing     : cairo-devel                                            13/17
  Installing     : libXext-devel                                          14/17
  Installing     : libXdmcp-devel                                         15/17
  Installing     : mesa-libGL-devel                                       16/17
  Installing     : pango-devel                                            17/17
 
Installed:
  cairo-devel.i386 0:1.2.4-5.el5        freetype-devel.i386 0:2.2.1-21.el5_3   
  libart_lgpl-devel.i386 0:2.3.17-4     libpng-devel.i386 2:1.2.10-7.1.el5_3.2 
  libxml2-devel.i386 0:2.6.26-2.1.2.8   pango-devel.i386 0:1.14.9-6.el5        
 
Dependency Installed:
  fontconfig-devel.i386 0:2.4.1-7.el5    glib2-devel.i386 0:2.12.3-4.el5_3.1   
  libX11-devel.i386 0:1.0.3-11.el5       libXau-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-3.1         
  libXdmcp-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-2.1        libXext-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-2.1        
  libXft-devel.i386 0:2.1.10-1.1         libXrender-devel.i386 0:0.9.1-3.1     
  mesa-libGL-devel.i386 0:6.5.1-7.7.el5  xorg-x11-proto-devel.i386 0:7.1-13.el5
  zlib-devel.i386 0:1.2.3-3            
 
Complete!
 
 
步驟2:下載最新版本的RRDTool源碼包
#cd /opt/
#wget http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/rrdtool-1.3.1.tar.gz
 
#tar -zxvf rrdtool-1.3.1.tar.gz
#cd  rrdtools
步驟3:編譯和安裝RRDTool:
您需要設置PKG_CONFIG_PATH,請輸入
#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/pkgconfig/
 
#./configure
 
現在,在RHEL上編譯和安裝RRDTool。
#make
#make install
#cd /usr/local/
#ln -s rrdtool-1.3.1/ rrdtool/
#cd rrdtool
#ls –l
 
如何驗證我的安裝呢?
現在RRDTool已經安裝上了,並且已經准備好,可以被使用了。您可以到/usr/local/rrdtool/share/rrdtool/examples/ directory 下運行它們去查看你是否成功安裝了RRDTool?
 
#cd /usr/local/rrdtool/share/rrdtool/examples/
#./stripes.pl
#ls -l
#cp stripes.png  /var/www/html/  (這一步驟的前提是你本機是個WWW服務器器)
 
 
在浏覽器中輸入http://www.linuxidc.com/ stripes.png ,看看自己的圖形;

500)this.width=500;" border=0>

出現以上圖,說明我們的安裝是成功的。
 
***可選編譯時間設置*****
默認情況下RRDTool將安裝在/usr/local/rrdtool-1.3.1/ directory。 如果想修改默認安裝目錄,使用一下命令安裝:
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/rrdtool
#make install

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