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Linux教程網 >> Linux基礎 >> Linux教程 >> 在Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3安裝RRDTool

在Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3安裝RRDTool

日期:2017/2/28 16:11:45   编辑:Linux教程

關於RRDTool的簡單介紹:

RRDTool是由Tobias Oetiker開發的自由軟件,它使用RRD(Round Robin Database)作為存儲格式,Round robin是一種處理定量數據、以及當前元素指針的技術。RRDTool主要用來跟蹤對象的變化情況,生成這些變化的走勢圖。

其實它和mrtg 是同一家族, 主要都是在產生time-series 的圖檔(如流量,負載,溫度,人數.....),不過因為mrtg 當初的考量是畫兩種資料在圖上(或四個值),後來原作者覺得不足,所以另外又開發了rrdtool, rrdtool 本身可和mrtg 結合,但其結合基本上僅在於將mrtg 的文字檔的log 轉成rrd 儲存格式,通常user 尚需要mrtg-rrd/rrdcgi 去轉換,不過總覺得美中不足,因為最終其實你用到的還是rrdtool,雖然還有像my14all (http://my14all.sourceforge.net/) 這類的tools可以轉換並畫圖,但其追根究底還是以rrdtool 為base, 所以rrdtool 變成了最終也是最好的選擇。

平心而論rrdtool 的學習遠比mrtg 來得困難,且相關文件資料也沒有mrtg多,其中中文的參考又幾乎沒有,如果沒有較深厚的Linux 基礎(尤其是Shell Script) 或了解SNMP,懂得英文及好學的心,否則是不建議學習rrdtool 的.因為你可能很難去控制或獲得你所要的資料,亦可能難於表現圖檔。

當然,每個人看法不見得相同,完全看個人需要而定,就像用mrtg 畫CPU Load, Memory Usage,HTTP Client, Process...., 純使用mrtg 是較簡單且好用的,但是你要做很多圖,每張圖之間的關聯生基本上可能需要你用眼睛去判斷.但如果使用rrdtool 可以讓你四張疊成一張,如此也較好比較出其中的因果關系,不過此時你得懂得控制圖的表現方式來達到顯示上最好的結果.基本上學rrdtool 完全不需要有mrtg 的經驗. 但最好對系統資訊獲得的方法(cmd/ snmp/Shell Script )熟一點會較好處理.

RRDTool的優點:靈活,開放:

RRDTool的典型應用:
Cacti
NTOP
Nagios
SmokePing
RRDWeather 等等:(我下面就會有一篇博客來寫關於NTOP的配置)


好了,下面開始安裝我們的RRDTool:

安裝RRDTool的時候經常出現一下問題:
如:我已經下載包所謂的rrdtool的rrdtool - 1.3.1.tar.gz包了。但是./ configure命令發放大量的錯誤提示信息。我要如何的在Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x - 64 安裝RRDtool呢?
因為:RRD是Round Robin Database的縮寫。RRD是一個系統用來存儲和顯示的時間序列數據(即網絡帶寬,機房溫度,服務器的平均負載)。它存儲數據在一個非常緊湊的方式,將不隨時間變化的數據擴大,並提出了處理數據,以執行某種有用的數據密度圖。它可以使用,也可以通過簡單的包裝腳本(shell或perl)或通過前端設備的調查網絡,提供友好的用戶界面。


下面介紹在RHEL上安裝RRDTool。
為了在Red Hat Enterprise Linux 上安裝RRTool,您需要安裝一些開發工具和庫。

步驟1:安裝需要依賴的包:
以root用戶登錄,然後輸入一下命令:
#yum install cairo-devel libxml2-devel pango-devel pango libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libart_lgpl-devel
輸入此命令後出出現以下信息:
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up Install Process
Package pango-1.14.9-6.el5.i386 already installed and latest version
Package freetype-2.2.1-21.el5_3.i386 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cairo-devel.i386 0:1.2.4-5.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: fontconfig-devel >= 2.0 for package: cairo-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libXrender-devel for package: cairo-devel
---> Package freetype-devel.i386 0:2.2.1-21.el5_3 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: zlib-devel for package: freetype-devel
---> Package libart_lgpl-devel.i386 0:2.3.17-4 set to be updated
---> Package libpng-devel.i386 2:1.2.10-7.1.el5_3.2 set to be updated
---> Package libxml2-devel.i386 0:2.6.26-2.1.2.8 set to be updated
---> Package pango-devel.i386 0:1.14.9-6.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: glib2-devel >= 2.12.0-1 for package: pango-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libX11-devel for package: pango-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libXft-devel for package: pango-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libXext-devel for package: pango-devel
--> Running transaction check
---> Package fontconfig-devel.i386 0:2.4.1-7.el5 set to be updated
---> Package glib2-devel.i386 0:2.12.3-4.el5_3.1 set to be updated
---> Package libX11-devel.i386 0:1.0.3-11.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-proto-devel >= 7.1-2 for package: libX11-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libXau-devel for package: libX11-devel
--> Processing Dependency: libXdmcp-devel for package: libX11-devel
---> Package libXext-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-2.1 set to be updated
---> Package libXft-devel.i386 0:2.1.10-1.1 set to be updated
---> Package libXrender-devel.i386 0:0.9.1-3.1 set to be updated
---> Package zlib-devel.i386 0:1.2.3-3 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libXau-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-3.1 set to be updated
---> Package libXdmcp-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-2.1 set to be updated
---> Package xorg-x11-proto-devel.i386 0:7.1-13.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: mesa-libGL-devel for package: xorg-x11-proto-devel
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mesa-libGL-devel.i386 0:6.5.1-7.7.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
================================================================================
Installing:
cairo-devel i386 1.2.4-5.el5 base 130 k
freetype-devel i386 2.2.1-21.el5_3 base 146 k
libart_lgpl-devel i386 2.3.17-4 base 21 k
libpng-devel i386 2:1.2.10-7.1.el5_3.2 base 181 k
libxml2-devel i386 2.6.26-2.1.2.8 base 2.1 M
pango-devel i386 1.14.9-6.el5 base 274 k
Installing for dependencies:
fontconfig-devel i386 2.4.1-7.el5 base 168 k
glib2-devel i386 2.12.3-4.el5_3.1 base 1.2 M
libX11-devel i386 1.0.3-11.el5 base 661 k
libXau-devel i386 1.0.1-3.1 base 11 k
libXdmcp-devel i386 1.0.1-2.1 base 7.6 k
libXext-devel i386 1.0.1-2.1 base 57 k
libXft-devel i386 2.1.10-1.1 base 16 k
libXrender-devel i386 0.9.1-3.1 base 8.9 k
mesa-libGL-devel i386 6.5.1-7.7.el5 base 465 k
xorg-x11-proto-devel i386 7.1-13.el5 base 247 k
zlib-devel i386 1.2.3-3 base 100 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 17 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)

Total download size: 5.8 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/17): libXdmcp-devel-1.0.1-2.1.i386.rpm | 7.6 kB 00:00
(2/17): libXrender-devel-0.9.1-3.1.i386.rpm | 8.9 kB 00:00
(3/17): libXau-devel-1.0.1-3.1.i386.rpm | 11 kB 00:00
(4/17): libXft-devel-2.1.10-1.1.i386.rpm | 16 kB 00:00
(5/17): libart_lgpl-devel-2.3.17-4.i386.rpm | 21 kB 00:00
(6/17): libXext-devel-1.0.1-2.1.i386.rpm | 57 kB 00:00
(7/17): zlib-devel-1.2.3-3.i386.rpm | 100 kB 00:00
(8/17): cairo-devel-1.2.4-5.el5.i386.rpm | 130 kB 00:00
(9/17): freetype-devel-2.2.1-21.el5_3.i386.rpm | 146 kB 00:00
(10/17): fontconfig-devel-2.4.1-7.el5.i386.rpm | 168 kB 00:00
(11/17): libpng-devel-1.2.10-7.1.el5_3.2.i386.rpm | 181 kB 00:00
(12/17): xorg-x11-proto-devel-7.1-13.el5.i386.rpm | 247 kB 00:00
(13/17): pango-devel-1.14.9-6.el5.i386.rpm | 274 kB 00:00
(14/17): mesa-libGL-devel-6.5.1-7.7.el5.i386.rpm | 465 kB 00:00
(15/17): libX11-devel-1.0.3-11.el5.i386.rpm | 661 kB 00:00
(16/17): glib2-devel-2.12.3-4.el5_3.1.i386.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:00
(17/17): libxml2-devel-2.6.26-2.1.2.8.i386.rpm | 2.1 MB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.1 MB/s | 5.8 MB 00:02
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : zlib-devel 1/17
Installing : glib2-devel 2/17
Installing : freetype-devel 3/17
Installing : fontconfig-devel 4/17
Installing : libpng-devel 5/17
Installing : libXau-devel 6/17
Installing : libxml2-devel 7/17
Installing : libart_lgpl-devel 8/17
Installing : xorg-x11-proto-devel 9/17
Installing : libX11-devel 10/17
Installing : libXrender-devel 11/17
Installing : libXft-devel 12/17
Installing : cairo-devel 13/17
Installing : libXext-devel 14/17
Installing : libXdmcp-devel 15/17
Installing : mesa-libGL-devel 16/17
Installing : pango-devel 17/17

Installed:
cairo-devel.i386 0:1.2.4-5.el5 freetype-devel.i386 0:2.2.1-21.el5_3
libart_lgpl-devel.i386 0:2.3.17-4 libpng-devel.i386 2:1.2.10-7.1.el5_3.2
libxml2-devel.i386 0:2.6.26-2.1.2.8 pango-devel.i386 0:1.14.9-6.el5

Dependency Installed:
fontconfig-devel.i386 0:2.4.1-7.el5 glib2-devel.i386 0:2.12.3-4.el5_3.1
libX11-devel.i386 0:1.0.3-11.el5 libXau-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-3.1
libXdmcp-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-2.1 libXext-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-2.1
libXft-devel.i386 0:2.1.10-1.1 libXrender-devel.i386 0:0.9.1-3.1
mesa-libGL-devel.i386 0:6.5.1-7.7.el5 xorg-x11-proto-devel.i386 0:7.1-13.el5
zlib-devel.i386 0:1.2.3-3

Complete!


步驟2:下載最新版本的RRDTool源碼包
#cd /opt/
#wget http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/rrdtool-1.3.1.tar.gz

#tar -zxvf rrdtool-1.3.1.tar.gz
#cd rrdtools
步驟3:編譯和安裝RRDTool:
您需要設置PKG_CONFIG_PATH,請輸入
#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/pkgconfig/

#./configure

現在,在RHEL上編譯和安裝RRDTool。
#make
#make install
#cd /usr/local/
#ln -s rrdtool-1.3.1/ rrdtool/
#cd rrdtool
#ls –l

如何驗證我的安裝呢?
現在RRDTool已經安裝上了,並且已經准備好,可以被使用了。您可以到/usr/local/rrdtool/share/rrdtool/examples/ directory 下運行它們去查看你是否成功安裝了RRDTool?

#cd /usr/local/rrdtool/share/rrdtool/examples/
#./stripes.pl
#ls -l
#cp stripes.png /var/www/html/ (這一步驟的前提是你本機是個WWW服務器器)


在浏覽器中輸入http://www.linuxidc.com/ stripes.png ,看看自己的圖形;

500)this.width=500;" border=0>

出現以上圖,說明我們的安裝是成功的。

***可選編譯時間設置*****
默認情況下RRDTool將安裝在/usr/local/rrdtool-1.3.1/ directory。 如果想修改默認安裝目錄,使用一下命令安裝:
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/rrdtool
#make install

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