Apache 安裝、配置、優化 安裝 Apache 2.0.48 (查看Install手冊) 考慮到以後要 rewite_url 來使 Google 更加容易收錄網站，特地添加了 mod_rewrite 。 同時為了限制流量，特別加了 mod_limitpcnn.c 補丁 , 所以多了一個 --enable-forward 選項。 建議安裝完畢以後不要刪除安裝目錄，以便以後升級時使用。 記得升級前關閉 apache2.0 編譯過程： 代碼: #./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward # make # make install 這個例子裡面是編譯了 mod_so，mod_speling 和 openssl 支持。 同樣有另外幾種寫法 代碼: #./configure --enable-modules=so --enable-modules=speling --enable-modules=rewrite 或者 代碼: #./configure --enable-modules=”so speling” --enable-MODULE[=shared] 編譯並包含模塊 MODULE. MODULE 是文檔中去掉” _module ”的模塊名。要將一個模塊編譯成為 DSO, 需要加 -shared 選項 , 即 --enable-mods-shared 。 (查看 MODULE 手冊) 注意 ："如果希望核心能夠裝載 DSO，而不實際編譯任何動態模塊，則要明確指定 --enable-modules=so 或者 --enable-so" (查看 DSO 手冊)，所以前面的順序不能交換順序。 查看所有apache 的 configure 參數 安裝完畢後可以用以下命令來查看啟動了那些模塊 代碼: # apachectl -l Compiled in modules: core.c mod_Access.c mod_auth.c mod_include.c mod_log_config.c mod_env.c mod_setenvif.c prefork.c http_core.c mod_mime.c mod_status.c mod_autoindex.c mod_asis.c mod_cgi.c mod_negotiation.c mod_dir.c mod_imap.c mod_actions.c mod_speling.c mod_userdir.c mod_alias.c mod_rewrite.c mod_so.c 接著，將啟動程序放入開機程序中去。 如果要啟動 ssl 加密網頁，則必須通過手動啟動 apache2.0 (參見 ssl 部分 ) 代碼: # echo "/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local 參考： 代碼: If you want your server to continue running after a system reboot , you should add a call to apachectl to your system startup files (typically rc.local or a file in an rc.N Directory). This will start Apache as root. Before doing this ensure that your server is properly configured for security and access restrictions. 在 profile 裡面添加以上的語句來設置路徑，使得在 bash 下更容易控制 apachectl, 省去了輸入路徑的麻煩。 代碼: # vi /etc/profile PATH=" $PATH:usr/local/apache2/bin:” 配置 apache2.0 代碼: # vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf 配置文件請看文件 httpd.conf (設置文檔目錄為/home/dalouis/public_Html) 代碼: #chmod 755 ? R /home/dalouis/ 設置目錄的可讀性為 drwxr-xr-x(755), 否則會出現 "Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server." 一些關於安全性的配置： 考慮到 cgi-bin 的安全性問題，我們暫時將 cgi-bin 去掉。將所有 httpd.conf 中的所有關於 cgi-bin 的行加上 #. Xiyang 的配置 我用的： mod_limitipconn, mod_eXPires, mod_gzip, mod_PHP4, mod_so, mod_access, mod_alias, mod_userdir, mod_dir, mod_autoindex, mod_status, mod_mime, mod_log_config, http_core 關於超時的問題 在我編寫好所有的產品查看頁面的時候，經常會出現因為超時，或者流量過大 ,apache 停止工作的問題，原因有二，一是代碼的不科學性，二是 apache 的設置問題。 以下是對設置的一點改動： 代碼: # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections(more than # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate. # KeepAlive Off # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount. # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance. # MaxKeepAliveRequests 0 # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request # from the same client on the same connection. # KeepAliveTimeout 0 • 記錄訪問者的 HTTP-REFERER 和 AGENT, 有助於統計來者是通過什麼搜索引擎找到我們的網站的。 或者在原有的CustomLog行，將參數由 common 改成 combined 代碼: # If you would like to have agent and referer logfiles, # uncomment the following directives. CustomLog logs/referer_log referer CustomLog logs/agent_log agent CustomLog logs/www.domain.com-access_log combined 使用 mod_limitipconn.c 來限制 apache 的並發數 Package: http://dominia.org/djao/limit/這裡的安裝建議使用動態 DSO 並 patch apache2.0, 以使得 apache2.0 可以認識在代理後方的 IP 。但是要 重新編譯 apache2.0, 以下是介紹。 代碼: ##InstrUCtions for building DSO with proxy tracking: # tar xzvf httpd-2.0.39.tar.gz # tar xzvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz # cd httpd-2.0.39 # patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff # ./buildconf # ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward # make # make install # cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22 # PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH # make install 安裝過程 # lynx http://dominia.org/djao/limit/mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz # tar -zxvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz # cd httpd-2.0.48 # patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff patching file configure.in Hunk #1 succeeded at 373 (offset 55 lines). patching file include/scoreboard.h patching file modules/generators/mod_status.c Hunk #1 succeeded at 746 (offset -1 lines). patching file server/scoreboard.c # ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward # make # make install # cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22 # PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH # make install ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Libraries have been installed in: /usr/local/apache2/modules If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use liBTool, and specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR' flag during linking and do at least one of the following: - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable during execution - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable during linking - use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf' See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- chmod 755 /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_limitipconn.so [activating module `limitipconn' in /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf] 檢查 httpd.conf 文件，發現增加了一下一行 代碼: LoadModule limitipconn_module modules/mod_limitipconn.so 同時需要設置以下參數在 httpd.conf 中 , 也可以在單個虛擬服務器中。 代碼: ExtendedStatus On # Only needed if the module is compiled as a DSO LoadModule limitipconn_module lib/apache/mod_limitipconn.so <IfModule mod_limitipconn.c> <Location /somewhere> MaxConnPerIP 3 # exempting images from the connection limit is often a good
