Python寫的系統常用命令

python寫的系統常用命令，linux和windows通用，用的時候直接from util import *導入即可使用，很方便，本來是一個腳本，分成兩部分發了。

1. #!/usr/bin/python
2. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3. # 通用功能類封裝
4. import os,time,sys,string,urllib,httplib,shutil,platform,tarfile
5. from commands import getstatusoutput as getso
6. from ConfigParser import *
8. def wr_log(str_cmd, status=0, result=""):
9. cur_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
10. if status == 0:
11. fp = open("../log/log.txt",'a+')
12. fp.write("[%s]\t%s\tdone!\n" % (cur_time, str_cmd))
13. fp.close()
14. else:
15. fp = open("../log/err_log.txt",'a+')
16. fp.write("[%s]\t%s\tfailed!\n%s\n\n" % (cur_time, str_cmd, result))
17. fp.close()
18. sys.exit(-1)
20. def wget(url, new_name=""):
21. '''''
22. wget封裝，需提供下載地址，新文件名參數可省略。
24. 例子：
25. wget("http://208.asktao.com/test.txt", "/tmp/test.txt")
26. '''
27. try:
28. file_name = url[url.rfind("/")+1:]
29. if new_name == "":
30. new_name = file_name
31. fp = urllib.urlopen(url)
32. py_ver = sys.version[:3]
33. if py_ver == "2.4":
34. domain = url.split("/")[2]
35. get_file = "/" + "/".join(url.split("/")[3:])
36. conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(domain)
37. conn.request('GET', get_file)
38. fp_code = conn.getresponse().status
39. else:
40. fp_code = fp.getcode()
41. if fp_code != 200:
42. raise NameError, '%s not exist.'%file_name
43. buf_len = 2048
44. f = open(new_name, 'wb')
45. size = 0
46. while 1:
47. s = fp.read(buf_len)
48. if not s:
49. break
50. f.write(s)
51. size += len(s)
52. fp.close()
53. f.close()
54. wr_log("wget %s"%url)
55. except Exception, e:
56. wr_log("wget %s"%url, 1, e)
58. def sed(type, file_name, s_str="", d_str=""):
59. '''''
60. sed封裝，根據傳入的type參數執行相應操作，type可以為以下幾種：
61. a 在s_str行後面追加d_str，若s_str為空，則默認在文件尾部追加；
62. i 在s_str行前面插入d_str，若s_str為空，則默認在文件頭部插入；
63. d 刪除s_str所在行；
64. s 將s_str替換為d_str。
66. type及file_name為必需的參數。
68. 例子：
69. 替換字符串：sed("s", "/etc/test.txt", "abc", "123")
70. '''
71. try:
72. fp = open(file_name)
73. cont = fp.read()
74. fp.close()
75. content = cont.split("\n")
76. content2 = cont.split("\n")
77. cnt = 0
78. idx = 0
79. if type == "a":
80. str_cmd = "sed -i '/%s/a %s' %s" % (s_str, d_str, file_name)
81. if not s_str:
82. content.append(d_str)
83. else:
84. for i in content2:
85. if i.find(s_str) != -1:
86. x = idx + 1 + cnt
87. content.insert(x, d_str)
88. cnt += 1
89. idx += 1
90. elif type == "i":
91. str_cmd = "sed -i '/%s/i %s' %s" % (s_str, d_str, file_name)
92. if not s_str:
93. content.insert(0, d_str)
94. else:
95. for i in content2:
96. if i.find(s_str) != -1:
97. x = idx + cnt
98. content.insert(x, d_str)
99. cnt += 1
100. idx += 1
101. elif type == "d":
102. str_cmd = "sed -i '/%s/d' %s" % (s_str, file_name)
103. for i in content2:
104. if i.find(s_str) != -1:
105. idx = content.remove(i)
106. elif type == "s":
107. str_cmd = "sed -i 's/%s/%s/g' %s" % (s_str, d_str, file_name)
108. cont = string.replace(cont, s_str, d_str)
109. content = cont.split("\n")
110. fp = open(file_name, "w")
111. fp.write("\n".join(content))
112. fp.close()
113. wr_log(str_cmd)
114. except Exception, e:
115. wr_log("modify %s" % file_name, 1, e)
117. def md(dir_name):
118. '''''
119. mkdir封裝，創建傳入的目錄名稱。
120. '''
121. try:
122. if not os.path.exists(dir_name):
123. os.makedirs(dir_name)
124. wr_log("mkdir %s"%dir_name)
125. else:
126. wr_log("%s is exist."%dir_name)
127. except Exception, e:
128. wr_log("mkdir %s"%dir_name, 1, e)
130. def mv(src, dst):
131. '''''
132. mv封裝，移動文件或修改文件名。
133. '''
134. try:
135. try:
136. os.rename(src, dst)
137. except OSError:
138. if os.path.dirname(src) == dst or os.path.dirname(src) == os.path.dirname(dst):
139. raise Exception, "Cannot move self."
140. if os.path.isdir(src):
141. if os.path.abspath(dst).startswith(os.path.abspath(src)):
142. raise Exception, "Cannot move a directory to itself."
143. _copy(src, dst)
144. shutil.rmtree(src)
145. else:
146. shutil.copy2(src,dst)
147. os.unlink(src)
148. wr_log("mv %s %s"%(src, dst))
149. except Exception, e:
150. wr_log("mv %s %s"%(src, dst), 1, e)
152. def cp(src, dst):
153. '''''
154. cp封裝，復制文件或目錄。
155. '''
156. try:
157. _copy(src, dst)
158. wr_log("cp %s %s"%(src, dst))
159. except Exception, e:
160. wr_log("cp %s %s"%(src, dst), 1, e)
162. def _copy(src, dst):
163. '''''
164. copy封裝，供cp調用。
165. '''
166. if os.path.isdir(src):
167. base = os.path.basename(src)
168. if os.path.exists(dst):
169. dst = os.path.join(dst, base)
170. if not os.path.exists(dst):
171. os.makedirs(dst)
172. names = os.listdir(src)
173. for name in names:
174. srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
175. _copy(srcname, dst)
176. else:
177. shutil.copy2(src, dst)
179. def touch(src):
180. '''''
181. linux適用
183. touch封裝，新建空白文件。
184. '''
185. str_cmd = "/bin/touch %s" % src
186. status, result = getso(str_cmd)
187. wr_log(str_cmd, status, result)
189. def rm(src):
190. '''''
191. rm封裝，刪除文件或目錄，非交互式操作���請謹慎操作。
192. '''
193. try:
194. if os.path.exists(src):
195. if os.path.isfile(src):
196. os.remove(src)
197. elif os.path.isdir(src):
198. shutil.rmtree(src)
199. wr_log("rm %s" % src)
200. except Exception, e:
201. wr_log("rm %s" % src, 1, e)
203. def chmod(num, file_name):
204. '''''
205. linux適用
207. chmod封裝，修改文件權限。
208. 需要傳入一個八進制數以及文件名。
210. 例子：
211. chmod(644, "/tmp/test.txt")
212. '''
213. str_cmd = "/bin/chmod %s %s" % (num, file_name)
214. status, result = getso(str_cmd)
215. wr_log(str_cmd, status, result)
217. def chown(user, file_name, arg=""):
218. '''''
219. linux適用
221. chown封裝，修改文件屬主屬組。
223. 例子：
224. chown("nobody.nobody", "/tmp", "r")
225. '''
226. if arg == "r":
227. str_cmd = "/bin/chown -R %s %s" % (user, file_name)
228. else:
229. str_cmd = "/bin/chown %s %s" % (user, file_name)
230. status, result = getso(str_cmd)
231. wr_log(str_cmd, status, result)
233. def rar(dst,src):
234. '''''
235. windows適用
237. winrar 壓縮文件 如： rar(c:\dat.rar c:\dat)
238. '''
239. try:
240. if not os.path.exists(src) or not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(dst)):
241. raise Exception, "%s or %s not exist!" % (src, os.path.dirname(dst))
242. os.system(r'C:\Progra~1\WinRAR\rar a %s %s' % (dst,src))
243. wr_log("rar %s to %s" % (src, dst))
244. except Exception,e:
245. wr_log("rar %s to %s" % (src, dst), 1, e)
247. def unrar(src,dst):
248. '''''
249. windows適用
251. unrar 解壓縮rar文件 到目標路徑 如：unrar(c:\dat.rar c:\)
252. '''
253. try:
254. if not os.path.exists(dst) or not os.path.exists(src):
255. raise Exception, "%s or %s not exist!" % (src, dst)
256. os.system(r'C:\Progra~1\WinRAR\rar x %s %s' % (src, dst))
257. wr_log("unrar %s" % src)
258. except Exception,e:
259. wr_log("unrar %s" % src, 1, e)
261. def tar(dst, src):
262. '''''
263. linux適用
265. tar封裝，壓縮文件。
267. 例子：
268. tar("/tmp/test.tgz", "/tmp/test.txt")
269. '''
270. str_cmd = "/bin/tar zcf %s %s" % (dst, src)
271. status, result = getso(str_cmd)
272. wr_log(str_cmd, status, result)
274. def untgz(tgz_file, dst="./"):
275. '''''
276. tar封裝，解壓縮文件。
278. 例子：
279. untgz("/tmp/test.tgz", "/tmp")
280. '''
281. try:
282. tarobj = tarfile.open(tgz_file)
283. names = tarobj.getnames()
284. for name in names:
285. tarobj.extract(name,path=dst)
286. tarobj.close()
287. wr_log("untgz %s" % tgz_file)
288. except Exception, e:
289. wr_log("untgz %s" % tgz_file, 1, e)
291. def kill(arg):
292. '''''
293. linux中，查找進程並殺死返回的pid。
294. windows中，查找進程或端口並殺死返回的pid。
295. '''
296. pid = get_pid(arg)
297. os_type = platform.system()
298. if os_type == "Linux":
299. if pid:
300. str_cmd = "/bin/kill -9 %s" % pid
301. status, result = getso(str_cmd)
302. wr_log("kill %s" % arg, status, result)
303. elif os_type == "Windows":
304. if pid:
305. try:
306. import ctypes
307. for i in pid:
308. handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.OpenProcess(1, False, i)
309. ctypes.windll.kernel32.TerminateProcess(handle,0)
310. wr_log("kill %s" % arg)
311. except Exception, e:
312. wr_log("kill %s" % arg, 1, e)
314. def get_pid(arg):
315. '''''
316. linux中，查找進程並返回pid。
317. windows中，查找進程或端口返回pid。
318. '''
319. os_type = platform.system()
320. if os_type == "Linux":
321. str_cmd = "/bin/ps auxww | grep '%s' | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'" % arg
322. status, result = getso(str_cmd)
323. return result
324. elif os_type == "Windows":
325. if type(arg) == int:
326. str_cmd = "netstat -ano|find \"%s\""%arg
327. try:
328. result = os.popen(str_cmd,"r").read()
329. result = result.split("\n")[0].strip()
330. if result.find("WAIT") != -1:
331. return 0
332. pid = int(result[result.rfind(" "):].strip())
333. return [pid]
334. except Exception, e:
335. return 0
336. else:
337. import win32con,win32api,win32process
338. pids = []
339. for pid in win32process.EnumProcesses():
340. try:
341. hProcess = win32api.OpenProcess(win32con.PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, False, pid)
342. hProcessFirstModule = win32process.EnumProcessModules(hProcess)[0]
343. processName = os.path.splitext(os.path.split(win32process.GetModuleFileNameEx(hProcess, hProcessFirstModule))[1])[0]
344. if processName == arg:
345. pids.append(pid)
346. except Exception, e:
347. pass
348. return pids
350. def grpadd(grp_name):
351. '''''
352. linux適用
354. groupadd封裝，增加組。
355. '''
356. str_cmd = "/usr/sbin/groupadd %s" % grp_name
357. status, result = getso(str_cmd)
358. wr_log(str_cmd, status, result)
360. def useradd(user_name, arg=""):
361. '''''
362. useradd封裝，添加新用戶；
363. linux和windows系統分別使用不同方法；
364. 在linux中，arg填寫新用戶的gid；
365. windows中，arg填寫新用戶的密碼。
366. '''
367. os_type = platform.system()
368. if os_type == "Linux":
369. str_cmd = "/usr/bin/id %s" % user_name
370. status, result = getso(str_cmd)
371. if status == 0:
372. return
373. if not arg:
374. str_cmd = "/usr/sbin/useradd %s" % user_name
375. else:
376. str_cmd = "/usr/sbin/useradd -g %s %s" % (arg, user_name)
377. status, result = getso(str_cmd)
378. wr_log(str_cmd, status, result)
379. elif os_type == "Windows":
380. try:
381. import win32netcon,win32net,wmi
382. for use in wmi.WMI().Win32_UserAccount():
383. if use.name == user_name:
384. raise Exception, "user %s is already exists" % user_name
385. udata = {}
386. udata["name"] = user_name
387. udata["password"] = arg
388. udata["flags"] = win32netcon.UF_NORMAL_ACCOUNT | win32netcon.UF_SCRIPT
389. udata["priv"] = win32netcon.USER_PRIV_USER
390. win32net.NetUserAdd(None, 1, udata)
391. wr_log("add user %s" % user_name)
392. except Exception,e:
393. wr_log("add user %s" % user_name, 1, e)
395. def userdel(user_name):
396. '''''
397. userdel封裝，刪除用戶。
398. '''
399. os_type = platform.system()
400. if os_type == "Linux":
401. str_cmd = "/usr/bin/id %s" % user_name
402. status, result = getso(str_cmd)
403. if status == 0:
404. str_cmd = "/usr/sbin/userdel -r %s" % user_name
405. status, result = getso(str_cmd)
406. wr_log(str_cmd, status, result)
407. elif os_type == "Windows":
408. try:
409. import win32net,wmi
410. for use in wmi.WMI().Win32_UserAccount():
411. if use.name == user_name:
412. win32net.NetUserDel(None,user_name)
413. wr_log("del user %s" % user_name)
414. return
415. wr_log("user %s not exists" % user_name)
416. except Exception,e:
417. wr_log("del user %s" % user_name, 1, e)