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Linux教程網 >> Linux編程 >> Linux編程 >> Android入門：封裝一個HTTP請求的輔助類

Android入門：封裝一個HTTP請求的輔助類

日期：2017/3/1 10:15:56   编辑：Linux編程

前面的文章中，我們曾經實現了一個HTTP的GET 和 POST 請求（見 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-07/66006.htm ）；此處我封裝了一個HTTP的get和post的輔助類，能夠更好的使用；

類名：HttpRequestUtil

提供了如下功能：

(1)模擬GET請求；

(2)模擬POST請求；

(3)模擬文件上傳請求；

(4)發送XML數據；

發送GET請求

(1)public static URLConnection sendGetRequest(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers)

參數：

(1)url：單純的URL，不帶任何參數；

(2)params：參數；

(3)headers：需要設置的HTTP請求頭；

返回：

HttpURLConnection

發送POST請求

(2)public static URLConnection sendPostRequest(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers)

參數：

(1)url：單純的URL，不帶任何參數；

(2)params：參數；

(3)headers：需要設置的HTTP請求頭；

返回：

HttpURLConnection

文件上傳

(3)public static boolean uploadFiles(String url, Map<String, String> params, FormFile[] files)

參數：

(1)url：單純URL

(2)params：參數；

(3)files：多個文件

返回：是否上傳成功

(4)public static boolean uploadFile(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile file)

參數：

(1)url：單純URL

(2)params：參數；

(3)file：一個文件

返回：是否上傳成功

發送XML數據

(5)public static byte[] postXml(String url, String xml, String encoding)

參數：

(1)url：單純URL

(2)xml：XML數據

(3)XML數據編碼

對於上傳文件，FormFile的構造函數聲明如下：

(1)public FormFile(String filname, byte[] data, String parameterName, String contentType)

參數：

(1)filname：文件的名稱

(2)data：文件的數據

(3)parameterName：HTML的文件上傳控件的參數的名字

(4)contentType：文件類型，比如text/plain為txt

(2)public FormFile(String filname, File file, String parameterName, String contentType)

參數：

(1)filname：文件的名稱

(2)file：文件名

(3)parameterName：HTML的文件上傳控件的參數的名字

(4)contentType：文件類型，比如text/plain為txt

FormFile.java

  1. package com.xiazdong.netword.http.util;
  3. import java.io.File;
  4. import java.io.FileInputStream;
  5. import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
  6. import java.io.InputStream;
  8. /**
  9. * 上傳文件
  10. */
  11. public class FormFile {
  12. /* 上傳文件的數據 */
  13. private byte[] data;
  14. private InputStream inStream;
  15. private File file;
  16. /* 文件名稱 */
  17. private String filname;
  18. /* 請求參數名稱*/
  19. private String parameterName;
  20. /* 內容類型 */
  21. private String contentType = "application/octet-stream";
  23. /**
  24. * 此函數用來傳輸小文件
  25. * @param filname
  26. * @param data
  27. * @param parameterName
  28. * @param contentType
  29. */
  30. public FormFile(String filname, byte[] data, String parameterName, String contentType) {
  31. this.data = data;
  32. this.filname = filname;
  33. this.parameterName = parameterName;
  34. if(contentType!=null) this.contentType = contentType;
  35. }
  36. /**
  37. * 此函數用來傳輸大文件
  38. * @param filname
  39. * @param file
  40. * @param parameterName
  41. * @param contentType
  42. */
  43. public FormFile(String filname, File file, String parameterName, String contentType) {
  44. this.filname = filname;
  45. this.parameterName = parameterName;
  46. this.file = file;
  47. try {
  48. this.inStream = new FileInputStream(file);
  49. } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
  50. e.printStackTrace();
  51. }
  52. if(contentType!=null) this.contentType = contentType;
  53. }
  55. public File getFile() {
  56. return file;
  57. }
  59. public InputStream getInStream() {
  60. return inStream;
  61. }
  63. public byte[] getData() {
  64. return data;
  65. }
  67. public String getFilname() {
  68. return filname;
  69. }
  71. public void setFilname(String filname) {
  72. this.filname = filname;
  73. }
  75. public String getParameterName() {
  76. return parameterName;
  77. }
  79. public void setParameterName(String parameterName) {
  80. this.parameterName = parameterName;
  81. }
  83. public String getContentType() {
  84. return contentType;
  85. }
  87. public void setContentType(String contentType) {
  88. this.contentType = contentType;
  89. }
  91. }

HttpRequestUtil.java

  1. package com.xiazdong.netword.http.util;
  2. import java.io.BufferedReader;
  3. import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
  4. import java.io.File;
  5. import java.io.FileInputStream;
  6. import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
  7. import java.io.InputStream;
  8. import java.io.InputStreamReader;
  9. import java.io.OutputStream;
  10. import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
  11. import java.net.InetAddress;
  12. import java.net.Socket;
  13. import java.net.URL;
  14. import java.net.URLConnection;
  15. import java.net.URLEncoder;
  16. import java.util.HashMap;
  17. import java.util.Map;
  18. import java.util.Map.Entry;
  19. import java.util.Set;
  21. /*
  22. * 此類用來發送HTTP請求
  23. * */
  24. public class HttpRequestUtil {
  25. /**
  26. * 發送GET請求
  27. * @param url
  28. * @param params
  29. * @param headers
  30. * @return
  31. * @throws Exception
  32. */
  33. public static URLConnection sendGetRequest(String url,
  34. Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers)
  35. throws Exception {
  36. StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(url);
  37. Set<Entry<String, String>> entrys = null;
  38. // 如果是GET請求，則請求參數在URL中
  39. if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
  40. buf.append("?");
  41. entrys = params.entrySet();
  42. for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrys) {
  43. buf.append(entry.getKey()).append("=")
  44. .append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"))
  45. .append("&");
  46. }
  47. buf.deleteCharAt(buf.length() - 1);
  48. }
  49. URL url1 = new URL(buf.toString());
  50. HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url1.openConnection();
  51. conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
  52. // 設置請求頭
  53. if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) {
  54. entrys = headers.entrySet();
  55. for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrys) {
  56. conn.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
  57. }
  58. }
  59. conn.getResponseCode();
  60. return conn;
  61. }
  62. /**
  63. * 發送POST請求
  64. * @param url
  65. * @param params
  66. * @param headers
  67. * @return
  68. * @throws Exception
  69. */
  70. public static URLConnection sendPostRequest(String url,
  71. Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers)
  72. throws Exception {
  73. StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
  74. Set<Entry<String, String>> entrys = null;
  75. // 如果存在參數，則放在HTTP請求體，形如name=aaa&age=10
  76. if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
  77. entrys = params.entrySet();
  78. for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrys) {
  79. buf.append(entry.getKey()).append("=")
  80. .append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"))
  81. .append("&");
  82. }
  83. buf.deleteCharAt(buf.length() - 1);
  84. }
  85. URL url1 = new URL(url);
  86. HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url1.openConnection();
  87. conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
  88. conn.setDoOutput(true);
  89. OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream();
  90. out.write(buf.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));
  91. if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) {
  92. entrys = headers.entrySet();
  93. for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrys) {
  94. conn.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
  95. }
  96. }
  97. conn.getResponseCode(); // 為了發送成功
  98. return conn;
  99. }
  100. /**
  101. * 直接通過HTTP協議提交數據到服務器,實現如下面表單提交功能:
  102. * <FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="http://192.168.0.200:8080/ssi/fileload/test.do" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  103. <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="name">
  104. <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="id">
  105. <input type="file" name="imagefile"/>
  106. <input type="file" name="zip"/>
  107. </FORM>
  108. * @param path 上傳路徑(注：避免使用localhost或127.0.0.1這樣的路徑測試，因為它會指向手機模擬器，你可以使用http://www.itcast.cn或http://192.168.1.10:8080這樣的路徑測試)
  109. * @param params 請求參數 key為參數名,value為參數值
  110. * @param file 上傳文件
  111. */
  112. public static boolean uploadFiles(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile[] files) throws Exception{
  113. final String BOUNDARY = "---------------------------7da2137580612"; //數據分隔線
  114. final String endline = "--" + BOUNDARY + "--\r\n";//數據結束標志
  116. int fileDataLength = 0;
  117. if(files!=null&&files.length!=0){
  118. for(FormFile uploadFile : files){//得到文件類型數據的總長度
  119. StringBuilder fileExplain = new StringBuilder();
  120. fileExplain.append("--");
  121. fileExplain.append(BOUNDARY);
  122. fileExplain.append("\r\n");
  123. fileExplain.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\""+ uploadFile.getParameterName()+"\";filename=\""+ uploadFile.getFilname() + "\"\r\n");
  124. fileExplain.append("Content-Type: "+ uploadFile.getContentType()+"\r\n\r\n");
  125. fileExplain.append("\r\n");
  126. fileDataLength += fileExplain.length();
  127. if(uploadFile.getInStream()!=null){
  128. fileDataLength += uploadFile.getFile().length();
  129. }else{
  130. fileDataLength += uploadFile.getData().length;
  131. }
  132. }
  133. }
  134. StringBuilder textEntity = new StringBuilder();
  135. if(params!=null&&!params.isEmpty()){
  136. for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {//構造文本類型參數的實體數據
  137. textEntity.append("--");
  138. textEntity.append(BOUNDARY);
  139. textEntity.append("\r\n");
  140. textEntity.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\""+ entry.getKey() + "\"\r\n\r\n");
  141. textEntity.append(entry.getValue());
  142. textEntity.append("\r\n");
  143. }
  144. }
  145. //計算傳輸給服務器的實體數據總長度
  146. int dataLength = textEntity.toString().getBytes().length + fileDataLength + endline.getBytes().length;
  148. URL url = new URL(path);
  149. int port = url.getPort()==-1 ? 80 : url.getPort();
  150. Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName(url.getHost()), port);
  151. OutputStream outStream = socket.getOutputStream();
  152. //下面完成HTTP請求頭的發送
  153. String requestmethod = "POST "+ url.getPath()+" HTTP/1.1\r\n";
  154. outStream.write(requestmethod.getBytes());
  155. String accept = "Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*\r\n";
  156. outStream.write(accept.getBytes());
  157. String language = "Accept-Language: zh-CN\r\n";
  158. outStream.write(language.getBytes());
  159. String contenttype = "Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary="+ BOUNDARY+ "\r\n";
  160. outStream.write(contenttype.getBytes());
  161. String contentlength = "Content-Length: "+ dataLength + "\r\n";
  162. outStream.write(contentlength.getBytes());
  163. String alive = "Connection: Keep-Alive\r\n";
  164. outStream.write(alive.getBytes());
  165. String host = "Host: "+ url.getHost() +":"+ port +"\r\n";
  166. outStream.write(host.getBytes());
  167. //寫完HTTP請求頭後根據HTTP協議再寫一個回車換行
  168. outStream.write("\r\n".getBytes());
  169. //把所有文本類型的實體數據發送出來
  170. outStream.write(textEntity.toString().getBytes());
  171. //把所有文件類型的實體數據發送出來
  172. if(files!=null&&files.length!=0){
  173. for(FormFile uploadFile : files){
  174. StringBuilder fileEntity = new StringBuilder();
  175. fileEntity.append("--");
  176. fileEntity.append(BOUNDARY);
  177. fileEntity.append("\r\n");
  178. fileEntity.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\""+ uploadFile.getParameterName()+"\";filename=\""+ uploadFile.getFilname() + "\"\r\n");
  179. fileEntity.append("Content-Type: "+ uploadFile.getContentType()+"\r\n\r\n");
  180. outStream.write(fileEntity.toString().getBytes());
  181. if(uploadFile.getInStream()!=null){
  182. byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
  183. int len = 0;
  184. while((len = uploadFile.getInStream().read(buffer, 0, 1024))!=-1){
  185. outStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
  186. }
  187. uploadFile.getInStream().close();
  188. }else{
  189. outStream.write(uploadFile.getData(), 0, uploadFile.getData().length);
  190. }
  191. outStream.write("\r\n".getBytes());
  192. }
  193. }
  194. //下面發送數據結束標志，表示數據已經結束
  195. outStream.write(endline.getBytes());
  196. BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
  197. if(reader.readLine().indexOf("200")==-1){//讀取web服務器返回的數據，判斷請求碼是否為200，如果不是200，代表請求失敗
  198. return false;
  199. }
  200. outStream.flush();
  201. outStream.close();
  202. reader.close();
  203. socket.close();
  204. return true;
  205. }
  206. /**
  207. * 提交數據到服務器
  208. * @param path 上傳路徑(注：避免使用localhost或127.0.0.1這樣的路徑測試，因為它會指向手機模擬器，你可以使用http://www.itcast.cn或http://192.168.1.10:8080這樣的路徑測試)
  209. * @param params 請求參數 key為參數名,value為參數值
  210. * @param file 上傳文件
  211. */
  212. public static boolean uploadFile(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile file) throws Exception{
  213. return uploadFiles(path, params, new FormFile[]{file});
  214. }
  215. /**
  216. * 將輸入流轉為字節數組
  217. * @param inStream
  218. * @return
  219. * @throws Exception
  220. */
  221. public static byte[] read2Byte(InputStream inStream)throws Exception{
  222. ByteArrayOutputStream outSteam = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
  223. byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
  224. int len = 0;
  225. while( (len = inStream.read(buffer)) !=-1 ){
  226. outSteam.write(buffer, 0, len);
  227. }
  228. outSteam.close();
  229. inStream.close();
  230. return outSteam.toByteArray();
  231. }
  232. /**
  233. * 將輸入流轉為字符串
  234. * @param inStream
  235. * @return
  236. * @throws Exception
  237. */
  238. public static String read2String(InputStream inStream)throws Exception{
  239. ByteArrayOutputStream outSteam = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
  240. byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
  241. int len = 0;
  242. while( (len = inStream.read(buffer)) !=-1 ){
  243. outSteam.write(buffer, 0, len);
  244. }
  245. outSteam.close();
  246. inStream.close();
  247. return new String(outSteam.toByteArray(),"UTF-8");
  248. }
  249. /**
  250. * 發送xml數據
  251. * @param path 請求地址
  252. * @param xml xml數據
  253. * @param encoding 編碼
  254. * @return
  255. * @throws Exception
  256. */
  257. public static byte[] postXml(String path, String xml, String encoding) throws Exception{
  258. byte[] data = xml.getBytes(encoding);
  259. URL url = new URL(path);
  260. HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
  261. conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
  262. conn.setDoOutput(true);
  263. conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/xml; charset="+ encoding);
  264. conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length));
  265. conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);
  266. OutputStream outStream = conn.getOutputStream();
  267. outStream.write(data);
  268. outStream.flush();
  269. outStream.close();
  270. if(conn.getResponseCode()==200){
  271. return read2Byte(conn.getInputStream());
  272. }
  273. return null;
  274. }
  275. //測試函數
  276. public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
  277. Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
  278. params.put("name", "xiazdong");
  279. params.put("age", "10");
  280. HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) HttpRequestUtil
  281. .sendGetRequest(
  282. "http://192.168.0.103:8080/Server/PrintServlet",
  283. params, null);
  284. int code = conn.getResponseCode();
  285. InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
  286. byte[]data = read2Byte(in);
  287. }
  288. }

測試代碼：

  1. Map<String,String> params = new HashMap<String,String>();
  2. params.put("name", name.getText().toString());
  3. params.put("age", age.getText().toString());
  4. HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) HttpRequestUtil.sendGetRequest("http://192.168.0.103:8080/Server/PrintServlet", params, null);

文件上傳測試代碼：

  2. FormFile formFile = new FormFile(file.getName(), file, "document", "text/plain");
  4. boolean isSuccess = HttpRequestUtil.uploadFile("http://192.168.0.103:8080/Server/FileServlet", null, formFile);

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