歡迎來到Linux教程網
Linux教程網
Linux教程網
Linux教程網
Linux教程網 >> Linux基礎 >> Linux教程 >> 如何使用PXE自動安裝Linux

如何使用PXE自動安裝Linux

日期:2017/2/28 14:46:16   编辑:Linux教程

最近公司裡要搞自動安裝,我就研究了pxe,也從網上參考了不少資料,這裡做了一些簡單的整理,文字表達功底比較有限,大家別拍磚啊,呵呵

准備:
1,在VMware中安裝了一個CentOS63(CentOS6.4系統,IP : 192.168.202.131)
2,在VMware中創建了一個CentOS65(空機器,未裝操作系統)
3,CentOS鏡像文件掛載在CentOS63的/media/CentOS_6.4_Final位置


操作步驟:


一,配置DHCP


1,安裝dhcpd
yum install dhcp

2,修改dhcp配置文件/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
subnet 192.168.202.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.202.200 192.168.202.220;
option routers 192.168.202.131;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server 192.168.202.131;
filename "pxelinux.0";
}

3,啟動dhcpd
chkconfig --add dhcpd
service dhcpd start

使用命令可以看到dhcpd綁定了多個端口
[root@localhost init.d]# netstat -anp | grep dhcpd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 3266/dhcpd
raw 0 0 0.0.0.0:1 0.0.0.0:* 7 3266/dhcpd
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 18034 3266/dhcpd
注意:第2行raw表示綁定在ICMP協議上,協議號為1

二,配置TFTP

4,安裝TFTP
yum install tftp-server

5,修改tftpd配置文件/etc/xinetd.d/tftp,ftp根目錄為/var/lib/tftpboot
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
disable = no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}


6,啟動tftp服務(端口69)
/etc/init.d/xinetd restart


三,配置引導內核


7,下載pxe引導配置文件
yum install syslinux
cp `rpm -ql syslinux | grep '/pxelinux.0'` /var/lib/tftpboot


8,拷貝網絡啟動的內核文件
cp /media/CentOS_6.4_Final/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
cp /media/CentOS_6.4_Final/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

修改default文件:

default linux
prompt 1
timeout 60


display boot.msg


menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.4!
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000


label linux
menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
append ks=http://192.168.202.131/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img


四,配置kickstart

9,安裝nginx,根目錄/usr/local/nginx/html
yum install nginx
chkconfig --add nginx
service nginx start

10,拷貝操作系統源文件
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/html/dvd
cp -R /media/CentOS_6.4_Final/* /usr/local/nginx/html/dvd/

11,下載kickstart
yum install system-config-kickstart
cp /root/anaconda-ks.cfg /usr/local/nginx/html/ks.cfg
chmod 755 /usr/local/nginx/html/ks.cfg (不分配權限,外部無法通過http訪問,會報403)

修改ks.cfg:
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL


# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled


# Install OS instead of upgrade
install


# Use text install
text


# Use network installation
url --url="http://192.168.202.131/dvd"


# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$.IvWB.Gl$E4fI4Ez4Z8HyHRCZW5Btr0


# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512


# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --reconfig


# System keyboard
keyboard us


# System language
lang zh_CN.UTF-8


# SELinux configuration
selinux --enforcing


# Installation logging level
logging --level=info


# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai


# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=yes


# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr


# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr


# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all


# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=200
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=1000
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1


# Reboot after installation
reboot


%packages
@base
@core
gcc
%end


五,驗證


12,修改CentOS65虛擬配置文件CentOS65.vmx,增加一行bios.bootDelay= "10000",即表示在啟動bios的時候停留10秒(否則你根本來不及按任何鍵的)
給CentOS65加電(打開Power),按Esc選擇從Network啟動

Good luck!!!!

Copyright © Linux教程網 All Rights Reserved