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floyd算法學習筆記

日期:2017/3/1 9:08:59   编辑:Linux編程

算法思路

路徑矩陣

通過一個圖的權值矩陣求出它的每兩點間的最短路徑矩陣。從圖的帶權鄰接矩陣A=[a(i,j)] n×n開始,遞歸地進行n次更新,即由矩陣D(0)=A,按一個公式,構造出矩陣D(1);又用同樣地公式由D(1)構造出D(2),以此類推。最後又用同樣的公式由D(n-1)構造出矩陣D(n)。矩陣D(n)的i行j列元素便是i號頂點到j號頂點的最短路徑長度,稱D(n)為圖的距離矩陣,同時還可引入一個後繼節點矩陣path來記錄兩點間的最短路徑。 狀態轉移方程 其狀態轉移方程如下: map[i,j]:=min{map[i,k]+map[k,j],map[i,j]};map[i,j]表示i到j的最短距離,K是窮舉i,j的斷點,map[n,n]初值應該為0。 當然,如果這條路沒有通的話,還必須特殊處理,比如沒有map[i,k]這條路。

核心算法 1,從任意一條單邊路徑開始。所有兩點之間的距離是邊的權,如果兩點之間沒有邊相連,則權為無窮大。 2,對於每一對頂點 u 和 v,看看是否存在一個頂點 w 使得從 u 到 w 再到 v 比已知的路徑更短。如果是更新它。 把圖用鄰接矩陣G表示出來,如果從Vi到Vj有路可達,則G[i,j]=d,d表示該路的長度;否則G[i,j]=無窮大。定義一個矩陣D用來記錄所插入點的信息,D[i,j]表示從Vi到Vj需要經過的點,初始化D[i,j]=j。把各個頂點插入圖中,比較插點後的距離與原來的距離,G[i,j] = min( G[i,j], G[i,k]+G[k,j] ),如果G[i,j]的值變小,則D[i,j]=k。在G中包含有兩點之間最短道路的信息,而在D中則包含了最短通路徑的信息。



時間復雜度與空間復雜度

時間復雜度:因為核心算法是采用松弛法的三個for循環,因此時間復雜度為O(n^3)

空間復雜度:整個算法空間消耗是一個n*n的矩陣,因此其空間復雜度為O(n^2)



C++代碼

// floyd.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include"iostream"
#include"fstream"
#define maxlen 20
#define maximum 100
using namespace std;

typedef struct graph
{
int vertex;
int edge;
int matrix[maxlen][maxlen];
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
ofstream outwrite;
outwrite.open("h.txt",ios::app|ios::out);
outwrite<<"welcome to the graph world!\n";
outwrite<<"the initial matrix is:\n";
int vertexnumber;
int edgenumber;
int beginning,ending,weight;
int mindistance[maxlen][maxlen];
int interval[maxlen][maxlen];
graph floydgraph;
cout<<"welcome to the graph world!"<<endl;
cout<<"input the number of the vertex: ";
cin>>vertexnumber;
cout<<"input the number of the edge: ";
cin>>edgenumber;
for (int i = 0; i < vertexnumber; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < vertexnumber; j++)
{
floydgraph.matrix[i][j]=maximum;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i <edgenumber; i++)
{
cout<<"please input the beginning index: ";
cin>>beginning;
cout<<"please input the ending index: ";
cin>>ending;
cout<<"please input the distance of the two dot: ";
cin>>weight;
floydgraph.matrix[beginning][ending]=weight;
}
for (int i = 0; i <vertexnumber; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < vertexnumber; j++)
{
mindistance[i][j]=floydgraph.matrix[i][j];
outwrite<<floydgraph.matrix[i][j]<<"\t";
interval[i][j]=-1;
}
outwrite<<"\n";
}
for (int k = 0; k <vertexnumber; k++)
{
for (int i = 0; i < vertexnumber; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < vertexnumber; j++)
{
if(mindistance[i][j]>mindistance[i][k]+mindistance[k][j])
{
mindistance[i][j]=mindistance[i][k]+mindistance[k][j];
interval[i][j]=k;
}
}
}
}
outwrite<<"\n"<<"after the floyd transition, the matrix is: "<<"\n";
for (int i = 0; i < vertexnumber; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < vertexnumber; j++)
{
cout<<"the mindistance between "<<i<<" and "<<j <<" is: ";
cout<<mindistance[i][j]<<endl;
cout<<"the two points pass through the point: "<<interval[i][j];
cout<<endl;
outwrite<<mindistance[i][j]<<"\t";
}
outwrite<<"\n";
}
outwrite<<"\n";
outwrite<<"the points between the beginning point and the ending point is:"<<"\n";
for (int i = 0; i < vertexnumber; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < vertexnumber; j++)
{
outwrite<<interval[i][j]<<"\t";
}
outwrite<<"\n";
}
outwrite.close();
getchar();
getchar();
getchar();
return 0;
}

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