Python:桌面氣泡提示功能實現

在寫桌面軟件時，通常會使用到托盤上的泡泡提示功能，讓我們來看看使用python如何實現這個小功能。

一、Linux系統：

在Linux上，實現一個氣泡提示非常簡單，使用GTK實現的pynotify模塊提供了些功能，我的環境是Ubuntu，默認安裝此模塊，如果沒有，可從http://home.gna.org/py-notify/下載源文件編譯安裝一個。實現代碼如下：

1. #!/usr/bin/python
2. #coding:utf-8
4. import pynotify
6. pynotify.init ("Bubble@Linux")
7. bubble_notify = pynotify.Notification ("Linux上的泡泡提示", "看，比Windows上實現方便多了！")
8. bubble_notify.show ()

效果：

二、Windows下的實現。

Windows下實現是比較復雜的，沒有pynotify這樣一個模塊，找到了一個還算不錯的模塊（地址：https://github.com/woodenbrick/gtkPopupNotify，這個類有些語法上的小問題，至少在python2.6下如此，需要修改一下，如下是修改後的代碼），基本可用，代碼如下：

1. #!/usr/bin/env python
2. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
4. #gtkPopupNotify.py
5. #
6. # Copyright 2009 Daniel Woodhouse
7. # modified by NickCis 2010 http://github.com/NickCis/gtkPopupNotify
8. # Modifications:
9. # Added: * Corner support (notifications can be displayed in all corners
10. # * Use of gtk Stock items or pixbuf to render images in notifications
11. # * Posibility of use fixed height
12. # * Posibility of use image as background
13. # * Not displaying over Windows taskbar(taken from emesene gpl v3)
14. # * y separation.
15. # * font description options
16. # * Callbacks For left, middle and right click
17. #
18. #This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
19. #it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
20. #the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
21. #(at your option) any later version.
22. #
23. #This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
24. #but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
25. #MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
26. #GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
27. #
28. #You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
29. #along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
32. import os
33. import gtk
34. import pango
35. import gobject
37. # This code is used only on Windows to get the location on the taskbar
38. # Taken from emesene Notifications (Gpl v3)
39. taskbarOffsety = 0
40. taskbarOffsetx = 0
41. if os.name == "nt":
42. import ctypes
43. from ctypes.wintypes import RECT, DWORD
44. user = ctypes.windll.user32
45. MONITORINFOF_PRIMARY = 1
46. HMONITOR = 1
48. class MONITORINFO(ctypes.Structure):
49. _fields_ = [
50. ('cbSize', DWORD),
51. ('rcMonitor', RECT),
52. ('rcWork', RECT),
53. ('dwFlags', DWORD)
54. ]
56. taskbarSide = "bottom"
57. taskbarOffset = 30
58. info = MONITORINFO()
59. info.cbSize = ctypes.sizeof(info)
60. info.dwFlags = MONITORINFOF_PRIMARY
61. user.GetMonitorInfoW(HMONITOR, ctypes.byref(info))
62. if info.rcMonitor.bottom != info.rcWork.bottom:
63. taskbarOffsety = info.rcMonitor.bottom - info.rcWork.bottom
64. if info.rcMonitor.top != info.rcWork.top:
65. taskbarSide = "top"
66. taskbarOffsety = info.rcWork.top - info.rcMonitor.top
67. if info.rcMonitor.left != info.rcWork.left:
68. taskbarSide = "left"
69. taskbarOffsetx = info.rcWork.left - info.rcMonitor.left
70. if info.rcMonitor.right != info.rcWork.right:
71. taskbarSide = "right"
72. taskbarOffsetx = info.rcMonitor.right - info.rcWork.right
74. class NotificationStack:
76. def __init__(self, size_x=300, size_y=-1, timeout=5, corner=(False, False), sep_y=0):
77. """
78. Create a new notification stack. The recommended way to create Popup instances.
79. Parameters:
80. `size_x` : The desired width of the notifications.
81. `size_y` : The desired minimum height of the notifications. If it isn't set,
82. or setted to None, the size will automatically adjust
83. `timeout` : Popup instance will disappear after this timeout if there
84. is no human intervention. This can be overridden temporarily by passing
85. a new timout to the new_popup method.
86. `coner` : 2 Value tuple: (true if left, True if top)
87. `sep_y` : y distance to separate notifications from each other
88. """
89. self.size_x = size_x
90. self.size_y = -1
91. if (size_y == None):
92. pass
93. else:
94. size_y
95. self.timeout = timeout
96. self.corner = corner
97. self.sep_y = sep_y
98. """
99. Other parameters:
100. These will take effect for every popup created after the change.
102. `edge_offset_y` : distance from the bottom of the screen and
103. the bottom of the stack.
104. `edge_offset_x` : distance from the right edge of the screen and
105. the side of the stack.
106. `max_popups` : The maximum number of popups to be shown on the screen
107. at one time.
108. `bg_color` : if None default is used (usually grey). set with a gtk.gdk.Color.
109. `bg_pixmap` : Pixmap to use as background of notification. You can set a gtk.gdk.Pixmap
110. or a path to a image. If none, the color background will be displayed.
111. `bg_mask` : If a gtk.gdk.pixmap is specified under bg_pixmap, the mask of the pixmap has to be setted here.
112. `fg_color` : if None default is used (usually black). set with a gtk.gdk.Color.
113. `show_timeout` : if True, a countdown till destruction will be displayed.
114. `close_but` : if True, the close button will be displayed.
115. `fontdesc` : a 3 value Tuple containing the pango.FontDescriptions of the Header, message and counter
116. (in that order). If a string is suplyed, it will be used for the 3 the same FontDescription.
117. http://doc.stoq.com.br/devel/pygtk/class-pangofontdescription.html
118. """
119. self.edge_offset_x = 0
120. self.edge_offset_y = 0
121. self.max_popups = 5
122. self.fg_color = None
123. self.bg_color = None
124. self.bg_pixmap = None
125. self.bg_mask = None
126. self.show_timeout = False
127. self.close_but = True
128. self.fontdesc = ("Sans Bold 14", "Sans 12", "Sans 10")
130. self._notify_stack = []
131. self._offset = 0
134. def new_popup(self, title, message, image=None, leftCb=None, middleCb=None, rightCb=None):
135. """Create a new Popup instance."""
136. if len(self._notify_stack) == self.max_popups:
137. self._notify_stack[0].hide_notification()
138. self._notify_stack.append(Popup(self, title, message, image, leftCb, middleCb, rightCb))
139. self._offset += self._notify_stack[-1].y
141. def destroy_popup_cb(self, popup):
142. self._notify_stack.remove(popup)
143. #move popups down if required
144. offset = 0
145. for note in self._notify_stack:
146. offset = note.reposition(offset, self)
147. self._offset = offset
152. class Popup(gtk.Window):
153. def __init__(self, stack, title, message, image, leftCb, middleCb, rightCb):
154. gtk.Window.__init__(self, type=gtk.WINDOW_POPUP)
156. self.leftclickCB = leftCb
157. self.middleclickCB = middleCb
158. self.rightclickCB = rightCb
160. self.set_size_request(stack.size_x, stack.size_y)
161. self.set_decorated(False)
162. self.set_deletable(False)
163. self.set_property("skip-pager-hint", True)
164. self.set_property("skip-taskbar-hint", True)
165. self.connect("enter-notify-event", self.on_hover, True)
166. self.connect("leave-notify-event", self.on_hover, False)
167. self.set_opacity(0.2)
168. self.destroy_cb = stack.destroy_popup_cb
170. if type(stack.fontdesc) == tuple or type(stack.fontdesc) == list:
171. fontH, fontM, fontC = stack.fontdesc
172. else:
173. fontH = fontM = fontC = stack.fontdesc
175. main_box = gtk.VBox()
176. header_box = gtk.HBox()
177. self.header = gtk.Label()
178. self.header.set_markup("<b>%s</b>" % title)
179. self.header.set_padding(3, 3)
180. self.header.set_alignment(0, 0)
181. try:
182. self.header.modify_font(pango.FontDescription(fontH))
183. except Exception, e:
184. print e
185. header_box.pack_start(self.header, True, True, 5)
186. if stack.close_but:
187. close_button = gtk.Image()
189. close_button.set_from_stock(gtk.STOCK_CANCEL, gtk.ICON_SIZE_BUTTON)
190. close_button.set_padding(3, 3)
191. close_window = gtk.EventBox()
192. close_window.set_visible_window(False)
193. close_window.connect("button-press-event", self.hide_notification)
194. close_window.add(close_button)
195. header_box.pack_end(close_window, False, False)
196. main_box.pack_start(header_box)
198. body_box = gtk.HBox()
199. if image is not None:
200. self.image = gtk.Image()
201. self.image.set_size_request(70, 70)
202. self.image.set_alignment(0, 0)
203. if image in gtk.stock_list_ids():
204. self.image.set_from_stock(image, gtk.ICON_SIZE_DIALOG)
205. elif type(image) == gtk.gdk.Pixbuf:
206. self.image.set_from_pixbuf(image)
207. else:
208. self.image.set_from_file(image)
209. body_box.pack_start(self.image, False, False, 5)
210. self.message = gtk.Label()
211. self.message.set_property("wrap", True)
212. self.message.set_size_request(stack.size_x - 90, -1)
213. self.message.set_alignment(0, 0)
214. self.message.set_padding(5, 10)
215. self.message.set_markup(message)
216. try:
217. self.message.modify_font(pango.FontDescription(fontM))
218. except Exception, e:
219. print e
220. self.counter = gtk.Label()
221. self.counter.set_alignment(1, 1)
222. self.counter.set_padding(3, 3)
223. try:
224. self.counter.modify_font(pango.FontDescription(fontC))
225. except Exception, e:
226. print e
227. self.timeout = stack.timeout
229. body_box.pack_start(self.message, True, False, 5)
230. body_box.pack_end(self.counter, False, False, 5)
231. main_box.pack_start(body_box)
232. eventbox = gtk.EventBox()
233. eventbox.set_property('visible-window', False)
234. eventbox.set_events(gtk.gdk.BUTTON_PRESS_MASK)
235. eventbox.connect("button_press_event", self.onClick)
236. eventbox.add(main_box)
237. self.add(eventbox)
238. if stack.bg_pixmap is not None:
239. if not type(stack.bg_pixmap) == gtk.gdk.Pixmap:
240. stack.bg_pixmap, stack.bg_mask = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_file(stack.bg_pixmap).render_pixmap_and_mask()
241. self.set_app_paintable(True)
242. self.connect_after("realize", self.callbackrealize, stack.bg_pixmap, stack.bg_mask)
243. elif stack.bg_color is not None:
244. self.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.bg_color)
245. if stack.fg_color is not None:
246. self.message.modify_fg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.fg_color)
247. self.header.modify_fg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.fg_color)
248. self.counter.modify_fg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.fg_color)
249. self.show_timeout = stack.show_timeout
250. self.hover = False
251. self.show_all()
252. self.x, self.y = self.size_request()
253. #Not displaying over windows bar
254. if os.name == 'nt':
255. if stack.corner[0] and taskbarSide == "left":
256. stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsetx
257. elif not stack.corner[0] and taskbarSide == 'right':
258. stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsetx
259. if stack.corner[1] and taskbarSide == "top":
260. stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsety
261. elif not stack.corner[1] and taskbarSide == 'bottom':
262. stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsety
264. if stack.corner[0]:
265. posx = stack.edge_offset_x
266. else:
267. posx = gtk.gdk.screen_width() - self.x - stack.edge_offset_x
268. sep_y = 0
269. if (stack._offset == 0):
270. pass
271. else:
272. stack.sep_y
273. self.y += sep_y
274. if stack.corner[1]:
275. posy = stack._offset + stack.edge_offset_y + sep_y
276. else:
277. posy = gtk.gdk.screen_height()- self.y - stack._offset - stack.edge_offset_y
278. self.move(posx, posy)
279. self.fade_in_timer = gobject.timeout_add(100, self.fade_in)
283. def reposition(self, offset, stack):
284. """Move the notification window down, when an older notification is removed"""
285. if stack.corner[0]:
286. posx = stack.edge_offset_x
287. else:
288. posx = gtk.gdk.screen_width() - self.x - stack.edge_offset_x
289. if stack.corner[1]:
290. posy = offset + stack.edge_offset_y
291. new_offset = self.y + offset
292. else:
293. new_offset = self.y + offset
294. posy = gtk.gdk.screen_height() - new_offset - stack.edge_offset_y + stack.sep_y
295. self.move(posx, posy)
296. return new_offset
299. def fade_in(self):
300. opacity = self.get_opacity()
301. opacity += 0.15
302. if opacity >= 1:
303. self.wait_timer = gobject.timeout_add(1000, self.wait)
304. return False
305. self.set_opacity(opacity)
306. return True
308. def wait(self):
309. if not self.hover:
310. self.timeout -= 1
311. if self.show_timeout:
312. self.counter.set_markup(str("<b>%s</b>" % self.timeout))
313. if self.timeout == 0:
314. self.fade_out_timer = gobject.timeout_add(100, self.fade_out)
315. return False
316. return True
319. def fade_out(self):
320. opacity = self.get_opacity()
321. opacity -= 0.10
322. if opacity <= 0:
323. self.in_progress = False
324. self.hide_notification()
325. return False
326. self.set_opacity(opacity)
327. return True
329. def on_hover(self, window, event, hover):
330. """Starts/Stops the notification timer on a mouse in/out event"""
331. self.hover = hover
334. def hide_notification(self, *args):
335. """Destroys the notification and tells the stack to move the
336. remaining notification windows"""
337. for timer in ("fade_in_timer", "fade_out_timer", "wait_timer"):
338. if hasattr(self, timer):
339. gobject.source_remove(getattr(self, timer))
340. self.destroy()
341. self.destroy_cb(self)
343. def callbackrealize(self, widget, pixmap, mask=False):
344. #width, height = pixmap.get_size()
345. #self.resize(width, height)
346. if mask is not False:
347. self.shape_combine_mask(mask, 0, 0)
348. self.window.set_back_pixmap(pixmap, False)
349. return True
351. def onClick(self, widget, event):
352. if event.button == 1 and self.leftclickCB != None:
353. self.leftclickCB()
354. self.hide_notification()
355. if event.button == 2 and self.middleclickCB != None:
356. self.middleclickCB()
357. self.hide_notification()
358. if event.button == 3 and self.rightclickCB != None:
359. self.rightclickCB()
360. self.hide_notification()
362. if __name__ == "__main__":
363. #example usage
365. def notify_factory():
366. color = ("green", "blue")
367. image = "logo1_64.png"
368. notifier.bg_color = gtk.gdk.Color(color[0])
369. notifier.fg_color = gtk.gdk.Color(color[1])
370. notifier.show_timeout = True
371. notifier.edge_offset_x = 20
372. notifier.edge_offset_y = 30
373. notifier.new_popup("Windows上的泡泡提示", "NND，比Linux下復雜多了，效果還不怎麼樣", image=image)
374. return True
376. def gtk_main_quit():
377. print "quitting"
378. gtk.main_quit()
380. notifier = NotificationStack(timeout=1)
381. gobject.timeout_add(4000, notify_factory)
382. gobject.timeout_add(8000, gtk_main_quit)
383. gtk.main()

效果如下：