who：who命令查詢utmp文件並報告當前登錄的每個用戶。Who的缺省輸出包括用戶名、終端類型、登錄日期及遠程主機。例如：who（回車）顯示：
chyang pts/0 Aug 18 15:06
ynguo pts/2 Aug 18 15:32
ynguo pts/3 Aug 18 13:55
lewis pts/4 Aug 18 13:35
ynguo pts/7 Aug 18 14:12
ylou pts/8 Aug 18 14:15
如果指明了wtmp文件名，則who命令查詢所有以前的紀錄。命令who /var/log/wtmp將報告自從wtmp文件創建或刪改以來的每一次登錄。
w：w命令查詢utmp文件並顯示當前系統中每個用戶和它所運行的進程信息。例如：w（回車）顯示：3:36pm up 1 day, 22:34, 6 users, load average: 0.23, 0.29, 0.27。
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
chyang pts/0 202.38.68.242 3:06pm 2:04 0.08s 0.04s -bash
ynguo pts/2 202.38.79.47 3:32pm 0.00s 0.14s 0.05 w
lewis pts/3 202.38.64.233 1:55pm 30:39 0.27s 0.22s -bash
lewis pts/4 202.38.64.233 1:35pm 6.00s 4.03s 0.01s sh /home/users/
ynguo pts/7 simba.nic.ustc.e 2:12pm 0.00s 0.47s 0.24s telnet mail
ylou pts/8 202.38.64.235 2:15pm 1:09m 0.10s 0.04s -bash
users：users用單獨的一行打印出當前登錄的用戶，每個顯示的用戶名對應一個登錄會話。如果一個用戶有不止一個登錄會話，那他的用戶名將顯示相同的次數。例如：users（回車）顯示：chyang lewis lewis ylou ynguo ynguo
last：last命令往回搜索wtmp來顯示自從文件第一次創建以來登錄過的用戶。例如：
chyang pts/9 202.38.68.242 Tue Aug 1 08:34 - 11:23 (02:49)
cfan pts/6 202.38.64.224 Tue Aug 1 08:33 - 08:48 (00:14)
chyang pts/4 202.38.68.242 Tue Aug 1 08:32 - 12:13 (03:40)
lewis pts/3 202.38.64.233 Tue Aug 1 08:06 - 11:09 (03:03)
lewis pts/2 202.38.64.233 Tue Aug 1 07:56 - 11:09 (03:12)
