Ubuntu修改locale問題解決

本文針對的問題是“Ubuntu 安裝中文語言包”“Ubuntu Server中文問題”，“Ubuntu更改語言環境”，“Ubuntu locale的設定”，“cannot change locale (zh_CN.UTF-8)”，“Linux中文亂碼”，“Linux字符集的修改”，“Linux亂碼的解決辦法”等問題，提供一站式解決。如果系統顯示中文異常，例如出現顯示中文亂碼等，可以參考本文章。關於CentOS系統的修改辦法，請參考文章末尾的描述。

問題描述

終端顯示中文正常，應用程序裡面顯示中文異常。

錯誤表現

1 $ sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = "zh_CN:zh:en_US:en",
LC_ALL = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LANG = "zh_CN.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: warning: setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (zh_CN.UTF-8)
Generating locales...
en_US.UTF-8... /usr/sbin/locale-gen: line 177: warning: setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (zh_CN.UTF-8)
up-to-date
Generation complete.

1 $ man locale

man: can't set the locale; make sure $LC_* and $LANG are correct

1 $ locale

locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh:en_US:en
LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=

1 $ localectl list-locales

C.UTF-8
en_US.utf8
zh_CN.utf8

問題解決辦法

要想達到應用程序中正常顯示中文字符的目的，要下面的三個變量應該如下，

1 2 3 LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh:en_US:en LC_ALL=LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8

但問題在於“LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory”和“LC_ALL: cannot change locale (zh_CN.UTF-8) ”，因此重新安裝中文語言包。

執行下面命令

1 sudo apt-get -y install language-pack-zh-hans

或

1 sudo apt-get -y install language-pack-zh-hans language-pack-zh-hans-base

如果想支持繁體字，則執行

1 sudo apt-get -y install language-pack-zh-hant

或

1 sudo apt-get -y install language-pack-zh-hant language-pack-zh-hant-base

再執行locale命令設置當前locale環境

1 locale

相關的文件和參考

相關手冊：man locale(1), locale(5), locale(7)

相關文件：/usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED

相關命令：

locale --all-locales 列出當前系統中所有支持的locale

localectl list-locales 列出當前系統中所有可用的locale

localectl set-locales LOCALE... 修改當前系統中的locale，與locale功能相同，與export上文提到的三個變量相同

對於CentOS，可以直接編輯/etc/sysconfig/i18n文件，將LANG="en_US.UTF-8"設置成LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"，除此之外，CentOS下locale命令的顯示結果如下：

1 # locale

LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=

其中，LC_ALL=為空，但並不是表示這裡不對，而是LC_ALL=實際上等於LC_COLLATE、LC_CTYPE、LC_MONETARY、LC_MESSAGES、LC_NUMERIC、LC_TIME，參見locale(7)。

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