Linux環境下Qt-x11-4.5.3安裝教程

1.下載 從ftp://ftp.trolltech.com/的ftp上下載：/qt/source/qt-x11-opensource-src-4.5.3.tar.gz。 2.解壓 復制qt-x11-opensource-src-4.5.3.tar.gz到/opt下 tar xvzf qt-x11-opensource-desktop-4.5.3.tar 解壓後文件名為qt-x11-opensource-desktop-4.5.3，我嫌太長，改為qt-x11-4.5.3 3.安裝 1）進入解壓後的qt目錄，運行命令 ./configure 這裡./configure不加參數即采用默認安裝。我這邊加了兩個參數-qvfb -prefix /opt/Qt-x11-4.5.3。 後面如果要安裝qvfb須加上-qvfb，-prefix 為改變安裝目錄的參數。
2）運行命令 make
3）運行make install 4）解決qt現版本與舊版本沖突問題
打開/etc/profile文件，在該文件的末尾加上以下語句：
export PATH=/opt/qt-x11-4.5.3/bin:$PATH
export QTDIR=/opt/qt-x11-4.5.3
export MANPATH=$QTDIR/man:$MANPATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$QTDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export QMAKESPEC=$QTDIR/mkspecs/linux-g++（如果qmake編譯時候出現錯誤：QMAKESPEC has not been set, so configuration cannot be deduced.Error processing project file: XXXXX.pro 就加入這一行)
保存後注銷重登陸。 運行qmake -v，顯示版本4.3.4，運行designer,即啟動Qt4的設計界面。
（安裝目錄 /opt/Qt-x11-4.5.3)
7)編譯qvfb（看個人情況是否需要安裝） （在安裝qt-x11，運行./configure時，須添加-qvfb參數） # cd qt-x11-opensource-src-4.5.3/tools/qvfb/
# make
編譯好的命令會在/qt-x11-4.5.3/bin目錄下；

為了方便調試，可以將qvfb可執行文件復制到/usr/local/Trolltech/Qtx86-4.5.3/bin/中；

4.測試 簡單測試代碼：hellp.cpp

1. #include <qapplication.h>
   
2. #include <qlabel.h>
4. int main(int argc, char *argv[])
5. {
6. QApplication app(argc, argv);
7. QLabel *label = new QLabel("Hello Qt!", 0);
8. app.setActiveWindow(label);
9. label->resize(240, 320);
10. label->show();
11. return app.exec();
12. }

在任意地方創建一個文件，例：hello，將hello.cpp拷貝進來。 執行qmake -project qmake ./hello 測試成功！
5.附官方安裝說明： Installing Qt on X11 Platforms

1. If you have the commercial edition of Qt, install your license file as $HOME/.qt-license.

   For the open source version you do not need a license file.

2. Unpack the archive if you have not done so already. For example, if you have the qt-x11-opensource-desktop-4.5.3.tar.gz package, type the following commands at a command line prompt: cd /tmp gunzip qt-x11-opensource-desktop-4.5.3.tar.gz # uncompress the archive tar xvf qt-x11-opensource-desktop-4.5.3.tar # unpack it

   This creates the directory /tmp/qt-x11-opensource-desktop-4.5.3 containing the files from the archive. We only support the GNU version of the tar archiving utility. Note that on some systems it is called gtar.

3. Building

   To configure the Qt library for your machine type, run the ./configure script in the package directory.

   By default, Qt is configured for installation in the /usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-4.5.3 directory, but this can be changed by using the -prefix option.

   cd /tmp/qt-x11-opensource-desktop-4.5.3 ./configure

   Type ./configure -help to get a list of all available options.

   To create the library and compile all the demos, examples, tools, and tutorials, type:

   make

   If -prefix is outside the build directory, you need to install the library, demos, examples, tools, and tutorials in the appropriate place. To do this, type:

   make install

   , as root if necessary.

   Note that on some systems the make utility is named differently, e.g. gmake. The configure script tells you which make utility to use.

   Note: If you later need to reconfigure and rebuild Qt from the same location, ensure that all traces of the previous configuration are removed by entering the build directory and typing make confclean before running configure again.

4. Environment variables

   In order to use Qt, some environment variables needs to be extended.

   PATH - to locate qmake, moc and other Qt tools

   This is done like this:

   In .profile (if your shell is bash, ksh, zsh or sh), add the following lines:

   PATH=/usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-4.5.3/bin:$PATH export PATH

   In .login (in case your shell is csh or tcsh), add the following line:

   setenv PATH /usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-4.5.3/bin:$PATH

   If you use a different shell, please modify your environment variables accordingly.

   For compilers that do not support rpath you must also extended the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable to include /usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-4.5.3/lib. On Linux with GCC this step is not needed.

5. That's all. Qt is now installed.

   If you are new to Qt, we suggest that you take a look at the demos and examples to see Qt in action. Run the Qt Examples and Demos either by typing qtdemo on the command line or through the desktop's Main menu.