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Linux教程網 >> Linux編程 >> Linux編程 >> LRU緩存算法 - C++版

LRU緩存算法 - C++版

日期:2017/3/1 9:46:51   编辑:Linux編程

LRU是Least Recently Used的縮寫,意思是最近最少使用,它是一種Cache替換算法。

實現思路: hashtable + 雙向鏈表

時間復雜度: 插入,查找,刪除:O(1)

空間使用情況: O(N) :一個鏈表存儲K個數據(stl的hash_map實際占的空間比較大).

運行環境:

Linux:RedHat , Fedora ,CentOS等(理論上Ubuntu , debian,mac os等也可以運行)

代碼:

#ifndef __LRUCACHE_H__
#define __LRUCACHE_H__

#include <vector>
#include <ext/hash_map>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <assert.h>

using namespace __gnu_cxx;

template <class K, class D>
struct Node{
K key;
D data;
Node *prev, *next;
};

template <class K, class D>
class LRUCache{
public:
LRUCache(size_t size , bool is_pthread_safe = false){
if(size <= 0)
size = 1024;

pthread_safe = is_pthread_safe;
if(pthread_safe)
pthread_mutex_init(&cached_mutex , NULL);

entries = new Node<K,D>[size];
for(size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
cached_entries.push_back(entries + i);

head = new Node<K,D>;
tail = new Node<K,D>;
head->prev = NULL;
head->next = tail;
tail->prev = head;
tail->next = NULL;
}

~LRUCache(){
if(pthread_safe)
pthread_mutex_destroy(&cached_mutex);
delete head;
delete tail;
delete[] entries;
}

void Put(K key, D data);
D Get(K key);

private:
void cached_lock(void){
if(pthread_safe)
pthread_mutex_lock(&cached_mutex);
}
void cached_unlock(void){
if(pthread_safe)
pthread_mutex_unlock(&cached_mutex);
}
void detach(Node<K,D>* node){
node->prev->next = node->next;
node->next->prev = node->prev;
}
void attach(Node<K,D>* node){
node->prev = head;
node->next = head->next;
head->next = node;
node->next->prev = node;
}

private:
hash_map<K, Node<K,D>* > cached_map;
vector<Node<K,D>* > cached_entries;
Node<K,D> * head, *tail;
Node<K,D> * entries;
bool pthread_safe;
pthread_mutex_t cached_mutex;
};

template<class K , class D>
void LRUCache<K,D>::Put(K key , D data){
cached_lock();
Node<K,D> *node = cached_map[key];
if(node){
detach(node);
node->data = data;
attach(node);
}
else{
if(cached_entries.empty()){
node = tail->prev;
detach(node);
cached_map.erase(node->key);
}
else{
node = cached_entries.back();
cached_entries.pop_back();
}
node->key = key;
node->data = data;
cached_map[key] = node;
attach(node);
}
cached_unlock();
}

template<class K , class D>
D LRUCache<K,D>::Get(K key){
cached_lock();
Node<K,D> *node = cached_map[key];
if(node){
detach(node);
attach(node);
cached_unlock();
return node->data;
}
else{
cached_unlock();
return D();
}
}

#endif

測試用例:

/*
Compile:
g++ -o app app.cpp LRUCache.cpp -lpthread
Run:
./app
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

#include "LRUCache.h"

using namespace std;

int
main(void){
//int k = 10 ,
// max = 100;
int k = 100000 ,
max = 1000000;
LRUCache<int , int> * lru_cache = new LRUCache<int , int>(k , true);

int tmp = 0;
for(int i = 0 ; i < 2*k ; ++i){
tmp = rand() % max;
lru_cache->Put(tmp, tmp + 1000000);
cout<<tmp<<endl;
}

for(int i = 0 ; i < k ; ++i){
tmp = rand() % max;
if(lru_cache->Get(tmp) == 0)
cout<<"miss : "<<tmp<<endl;
else
cout<<"hit : "<<tmp<<" value : "<<lru_cache->Get(tmp)<<endl;
}

delete lru_cache;
return 0;
}

其實,上面的代碼,有一些毛病的。改天我會繼續改進。

例如:

1:冗余操作。cached_entries完全可以用一個counter代替。

2:過度抽象。

3:Get、Put的interface不合理。如果真的去實現一個磁盤block的LRU cache,就會發現之前的接口需要重寫了。

不過對於大家理解LRU算法。應該有一定的幫助的。

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