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Linux下使用OpenSSL實現RSA非對稱加密

日期：2017/2/28 13:44:22 编辑：Linux教程

簡單定義:公鑰和私鑰,加密和解密使用的是兩個不同的密鑰,所以是非對稱。

系統:Ubuntu 14.04

軟件:openssl java php

生成公鑰私鑰

使用命令生成私鑰:

openssl genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024

參數:genrsa 生成密鑰 -out 輸出到文件 rsa_private_key.pem 文件名 1024 長度

從私鑰中提取公鑰:

openssl rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem

參數: rsa 提取公鑰 -in 從文件中讀入 rsa_private_key.pem 文件名 -pubout 輸出 -out 到文件 rsa_public_key.pem 文件名

shell加解密

新建一個readme.txt 內容是taoshihan

使用公鑰加密:

openssl rsautl -encrypt -in readme.txt -inkey rsa_public_key.pem -pubin -out hello.en

參數: rsautl 加解密 -encrypt 加密 -in 從文件輸入 readme.txt 文件名 -inkey 輸入的密鑰 rsa_public_key.pem 上一步生成的公鑰 -pubin 表名輸入是公鑰文件 -out輸出到文件 hello.en 輸出文件名

使用私鑰解密:

openssl rsautl -decrypt -in hello.en -inkey rsa_private_key.pem -out hello.de

參數: -decrypt 解密 -in 從文件輸入 hello.en 上一步生成的加密文件 -inkey 輸入的密鑰 rsa_private_key.pem 上一步生成的私鑰 -out輸出到文件 hello.de 輸出的文件名

cat hello.de // taoshihan

php加解密

$profile="taoshihan";
echo "加密前:{$profile}\n";
//公鑰加密
$public_key=file_get_contents("rsa_public_key.pem");
$pub_key = openssl_pkey_get_public($public_key);
openssl_public_encrypt($profile,$encrypted,$pub_key);
$encrypted=base64_encode($encrypted);//因為加密後是亂碼,所以base64一下
echo "加密後:\n";
echo $encrypted."\n";

//私鑰解密
$private_key=file_get_contents("rsa_private_key.pem");
$pi_key = openssl_pkey_get_private($private_key);
openssl_private_decrypt(base64_decode($encrypted),$decrypted,$pi_key);
echo "解密後:\n";
echo $decrypted."\n";

新建rsa.php的文件

執行後結果:

加密前:taoshihan

加密後:

ShjsdlTceurVfO0ocENqHGl9RXrQRm3vuprqchhuVOdX1ldJC2O2sIvjjpQfPWOkF1WA+tqdyIl9YJQ0/2DqAp4zaqI1TCNsXduGn2iUZQ88g7B5eSI7r/iWKcX527pLe95EBvFMw/D65tlYscI5RClcp3KrOw2fqDQZ3D3nKAI=

解密後:

taoshihan

java加解密:

准備jar包 bcprov-ext-jdk15on-156.jar

文件到Linux公社資源站下載：

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免費下載地址在 http://linux.linuxidc.com/

用戶名與密碼都是www.linuxidc.com

具體下載目錄在 /2017年資料/1月/22日/Linux下使用OpenSSL實現RSA非對稱加密/

下載方法見 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87684.htm

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RSAEncrypt.java 文件

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.spec.RSAPrivateKeySpec;

import org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1Sequence;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.pkcs.RSAPrivateKeyStructure;

import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;

import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;

import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;

public class RSAEncrypt {
/**
* 私鑰
*/
private RSAPrivateKey privateKey;

/**
* 公鑰
*/
private RSAPublicKey publicKey;

/**
* 字節數據轉字符串專用集合
*/
private static final char[] HEX_CHAR= {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'};

/**
* 獲取私鑰
* @return 當前的私鑰對象
*/
public RSAPrivateKey getPrivateKey() {
return privateKey;
}

/**
* 獲取公鑰
* @return 當前的公鑰對象
*/
public RSAPublicKey getPublicKey() {
return publicKey;
}

/**
* 隨機生成密鑰對
*/
public void genKeyPair(){
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen= null;
try {
keyPairGen= KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
keyPairGen.initialize(1024, new SecureRandom());
KeyPair keyPair= keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
this.privateKey= (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
this.publicKey= (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
}

/**
* 從文件中輸入流中加載公鑰
* @param in 公鑰輸入流
* @throws Exception 加載公鑰時產生的異常
*/
public void loadPublicKey(InputStream in) throws Exception{
try {
BufferedReader br= new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
String readLine= null;
StringBuilder sb= new StringBuilder();
while((readLine= br.readLine())!=null){
if(readLine.charAt(0)=='-'){
continue;
}else{
sb.append(readLine);
sb.append('\r');
}
}
loadPublicKey(sb.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new Exception("公鑰數據流讀取錯誤");
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
throw new Exception("公鑰輸入流為空");
}
}

/**
* 從字符串中加載公鑰
* @param publicKeyStr 公鑰數據字符串
* @throws Exception 加載公鑰時產生的異常
*/
public void loadPublicKey(String publicKeyStr) throws Exception{
try {
BASE64Decoder base64Decoder= new BASE64Decoder();
byte[] buffer= base64Decoder.decodeBuffer(publicKeyStr);
KeyFactory keyFactory= KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec= new X509EncodedKeySpec(buffer);
this.publicKey= (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new Exception("無此算法");
} catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
throw new Exception("公鑰非法");
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new Exception("公鑰數據內容讀取錯誤");
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
throw new Exception("公鑰數據為空");
}
}

/**
* 從文件中加載私鑰
* @param keyFileName 私鑰文件名
* @return 是否成功
* @throws Exception
*/
public void loadPrivateKey(InputStream in) throws Exception{
try {
BufferedReader br= new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
String readLine= null;
StringBuilder sb= new StringBuilder();
while((readLine= br.readLine())!=null){
if(readLine.charAt(0)=='-'){
continue;
}else{
sb.append(readLine);
sb.append('\r');
}
}
loadPrivateKey(sb.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new Exception("私鑰數據讀取錯誤");
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
throw new Exception("私鑰輸入流為空");
}
}

public void loadPrivateKey(String privateKeyStr) throws Exception{
try {
BASE64Decoder base64Decoder= new BASE64Decoder();
byte[] buffer= base64Decoder.decodeBuffer(privateKeyStr);

RSAPrivateKeyStructure asn1PrivKey = new RSAPrivateKeyStructure((ASN1Sequence) ASN1Sequence.fromByteArray(buffer));
RSAPrivateKeySpec rsaPrivKeySpec = new RSAPrivateKeySpec(asn1PrivKey.getModulus(), asn1PrivKey.getPrivateExponent());
KeyFactory keyFactory= KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
RSAPrivateKey priKey=(RSAPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(rsaPrivKeySpec);
this.privateKey=priKey;

// PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec= new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(buffer);
// KeyFactory keyFactory= KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
//this.privateKey= (RSAPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new Exception("無此算法");
} catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
throw new Exception("私鑰非法");
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new Exception("私鑰數據內容讀取錯誤");
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
throw new Exception("私鑰數據為空");
}
}

/**
* 加密過程
* @param publicKey 公鑰
* @param plainTextData 明文數據
* @return
* @throws Exception 加密過程中的異常信息
*/
public byte[] encrypt(RSAPublicKey publicKey, byte[] plainTextData) throws Exception{
if(publicKey== null){
throw new Exception("加密公鑰為空, 請設置");
}
Cipher cipher= null;
try {
cipher= Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding", new BouncyCastleProvider());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
byte[] output= cipher.doFinal(plainTextData);
return output;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new Exception("無此加密算法");
} catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
throw new Exception("加密公鑰非法,請檢查");
} catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
throw new Exception("明文長度非法");
} catch (BadPaddingException e) {
throw new Exception("明文數據已損壞");
}
}

/**
* 解密過程
* @param privateKey 私鑰
* @param cipherData 密文數據
* @return 明文
* @throws Exception 解密過程中的異常信息
*/
public byte[] decrypt(RSAPrivateKey privateKey, byte[] cipherData) throws Exception{
if (privateKey== null){
throw new Exception("解密私鑰為空, 請設置");
}
Cipher cipher= null;
try {
cipher= Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding", new BouncyCastleProvider());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
byte[] output= cipher.doFinal(cipherData);
return output;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new Exception("無此解密算法");
} catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
throw new Exception("解密私鑰非法,請檢查");
} catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
throw new Exception("密文長度非法");
} catch (BadPaddingException e) {
throw new Exception("密文數據已損壞");
}
}

/**
* 字節數據轉十六進制字符串
* @param data 輸入數據
* @return 十六進制內容
*/
public static String byteArrayToString(byte[] data){
StringBuilder stringBuilder= new StringBuilder();
for (int i=0; i<data.length; i++){
//取出字節的高四位作為索引得到相應的十六進制標識符注意無符號右移
stringBuilder.append(HEX_CHAR[(data[i] & 0xf0)>>> 4]);
//取出字節的低四位作為索引得到相應的十六進制標識符
stringBuilder.append(HEX_CHAR[(data[i] & 0x0f)]);
if (i<data.length-1){
stringBuilder.append(' ');
}
}
return stringBuilder.toString();
}

public static void main(String[] args){
RSAEncrypt rsaEncrypt= new RSAEncrypt();
//加載公鑰
try {
rsaEncrypt.loadPublicKey(new FileInputStream("rsa_public_key.pem"));
System.out.println("加載公鑰成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println(e.getMessage());
System.err.println("加載公鑰失敗");
}

//加載私鑰
try {
rsaEncrypt.loadPrivateKey(new FileInputStream("rsa_private_key.pem"));
System.out.println("加載私鑰成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println(e.getMessage());
System.err.println("加載私鑰失敗");
}

//測試字符串
String encryptStr= "taoshihan";
System.out.println("加密前:");
System.out.println(encryptStr);
try {
//加密
byte[] cipher = rsaEncrypt.encrypt(rsaEncrypt.getPublicKey(), encryptStr.getBytes());
//解密
byte[] plainText = rsaEncrypt.decrypt(rsaEncrypt.getPrivateKey(), cipher);
BASE64Encoder encode = new BASE64Encoder();
String buffer= encode.encode(cipher);
System.out.println("加密後:");
System.out.println(new String(buffer));
System.out.println("解密後:");
System.out.println(new String(plainText));
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
}

帶包編譯和執行

javac -cp bcprov-ext-jdk15on-156.jar RSAEncrypt.java

java -cp .:bcprov-ext-jdk15on-156.jar RSAEncrypt

執行結果:

加載公鑰成功

加載私鑰成功

加密前:

taoshihan

加密後:

Tt1p5XnamZkkVjGn1cVgEIb7U+CP27Xw93JQQUZyc2Up/rJL4Mx+dA8mxkva1a/I64sUTb7QD//8

gbss4bZY/DHrLityTt2/QjjQUFYD5/Aa1m1QKUBulWY4/C5so5dm6wrRnjolsIFUbY+RfH4B6hp1

taQGBRDum/xEX6OsJ9I=

解密後:

taoshihan

shell使用公鑰加密,php使用私鑰解密

shell:

openssl rsautl -encrypt -in readme.txt -inkey rsa_public_key.pem -pubin|base64

加密後的字符串

lNJ50ODiofcp+adrtAI943HOsjdDTg3UMfUkt0NI7DhUjxCM+NAlBH08WVQRtYK9W8ZoQOta3QH6

PzmJT4WsI0yfNGiUWYgoYgSOtPURSQMbaCt3DM2Y5mEKqzbKLrhN+S+9Jrtmef1VuBUes8wN6rOD

UHxI+vDwQ+utRJRRo9U=

php:

<?php
$encrypted="lNJ50ODiofcp+adrtAI943HOsjdDTg3UMfUkt0NI7DhUjxCM+NAlBH08WVQRtYK9W8ZoQOta3QH6
PzmJT4WsI0yfNGiUWYgoYgSOtPURSQMbaCt3DM2Y5mEKqzbKLrhN+S+9Jrtmef1VuBUes8wN6rOD
UHxI+vDwQ+utRJRRo9U=";
echo $encrypted."\n";

執行結果:

lNJ50ODiofcp+adrtAI943HOsjdDTg3UMfUkt0NI7DhUjxCM+NAlBH08WVQRtYK9W8ZoQOta3QH6
PzmJT4WsI0yfNGiUWYgoYgSOtPURSQMbaCt3DM2Y5mEKqzbKLrhN+S+9Jrtmef1VuBUes8wN6rOD
UHxI+vDwQ+utRJRRo9U=
解密後:
taoshihan

java使用公鑰加密,php解密:

拿上一步java生成的加密後字符串

<?php
$encrypted="Tt1p5XnamZkkVjGn1cVgEIb7U+CP27Xw93JQQUZyc2Up/rJL4Mx+dA8mxkva1a/I64sUTb7QD//8
gbss4bZY/DHrLityTt2/QjjQUFYD5/Aa1m1QKUBulWY4/C5so5dm6wrRnjolsIFUbY+RfH4B6hp1
taQGBRDum/xEX6OsJ9I=";
echo $encrypted."\n";

執行結果:

Tt1p5XnamZkkVjGn1cVgEIb7U+CP27Xw93JQQUZyc2Up/rJL4Mx+dA8mxkva1a/I64sUTb7QD//8

gbss4bZY/DHrLityTt2/QjjQUFYD5/Aa1m1QKUBulWY4/C5so5dm6wrRnjolsIFUbY+RfH4B6hp1

taQGBRDum/xEX6OsJ9I=

解密後:

taoshihan

更多OpenSSL相關內容可以查看以下的有用鏈接：

使用 OpenSSL 命令行構建 CA 及證書 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-10/124682.htm

Ubuntu安裝OpenSSL http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-10/124001.htm

通過OpenSSL提供FTP+SSL/TLS認證功能，並實現安全數據傳輸 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-05/84986.htm

Linux下使用OpenSSL生成證書 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-05/117034.htm

利用OpenSSL簽署多域名證書 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-10/108222.htm