設置優化系統yum鏡像源
一、添加fusion源
1.添加rpm fusion源
sudo rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/Fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm
sudo rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm
2.導入rpm fusion倉庫的密鑰
rpm --import http://ATrpms.net/RPM-GPG-KEY.atrpms
3.修改密鑰文件
gedit /etc/yum.conf
在打開的文件尾部添加下面幾行:
[atrpms]
name=Fedora Core releasever - basearch - ATrpms
baseurl=http://dl.atrpms.net/freleasever-basearch/atrpms/stable
gpgkey=http://ATrpms.net/RPM-GPG-KEY.atrpms
gpgcheck=1
二、更換Fedora 14的yum升級源
Fedora發行版一直沒有采用Ubuntu中動態選擇升級源的技術,讓我們這些粉絲真的很郁悶;國內的開源鏡像源也就sohu、163和上海交大那幾個,速度嗎還是要比國外的快點,我們只好自己動手來更換fedora的升級源啦;
1.添加上sohu的yum源
首先從http://mirrors.sohu.com/help/fedora-sohu.repo和http://mirrors.sohu.com/help/fedora-updates-sohu.repo下載fedora-sohu.repo和fedora-updates-sohu.repo,放入/etc/yum.repos.d/文件夾下;
這是sohu的源,速度很快,這兩個文件原來是為fedora 7~13設計的,現在也已經適用14啦;趕快體驗一下吧!
如果fedora-sohu.repo和fedora-updates-sohu.repo無法下載,就把以下內容分別保存為fedora-sohu.repo和fedora-updates-sohu.repo
#以下請保存為fedora-sohu.repo
[fedora]
name=Fedora releasever - basearch - sohu.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora/releases/releasever/Everything/basearch/os/
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=fedora-releasever&arch=basearch
enabled=1
metadata_expire=7d
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-basearch
[fedora-debuginfo]
name=Fedora releasever - basearch - Debug - sohu.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora/releases/releasever/Everything/basearch/debug/
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=fedora-debug-releasever&arch=basearch
enabled=0
metadata_expire=7d
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-basearch
[fedora-source]
name=Fedora releasever - Source - sohu.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora/releases/releasever/Everything/source/SRPMS/
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=fedora-source-releasever&arch=basearch
enabled=0
metadata_expire=7d
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-basearch
#以下請保存為fedora-updates-sohu.repo
[updates]
name=Fedora releasever - basearch - Updates - sohu.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora/updates/releasever/basearch/
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=updates-released-freleasever&arch=basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-basearch
[updates-debuginfo]
name=Fedora releasever - basearch - Updates - Debug - sohu.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora/updates/releasever/basearch/debug/
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=updates-released-debug-freleasever&arch=basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-basearch
[updates-source]
name=Fedora releasever - Updates Source - sohu.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora/updates/releasever/SRPMS/
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=updates-released-source-freleasever&arch=basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-basearch
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2.添加163源:
輸入gedit /etc/yum.repos.d/163.repo,回車
再次把一下內容復制到打開的163.repo中:
[Fedora-mirrors.163.com]
name=Fedora 12 – i386
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/fedora/updates/12/i386/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Fedora file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY
[Everything-mirrors.163.com]
name=Everything 12 – i386
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/fedora/updates/12/i386/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Fedora file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY
[updates-mirrors.163.com]
name=Fedora updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/fedora/updates/12/i386/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Fedora file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY
保存,關閉163.repo
3、添加上海交大的yum源1:
[Fedora-ftp.sjtu.edu.cn]name=Fedora 14 – i386
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/fedora/linux/releases/14/Fedora/i386/os/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora
[Everything-ftp.sjtu.edu.cn]
name=Everything 14 – i386
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/fedora/linux/releases/14/Everything/i386/os/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora
[updates-ftp.sjtu.edu.cn]
name=Fedora updates
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/fedora/linux/updates/14/i386/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
將以上內容保存至/etc/yum.repos.d/sjtu.repo即可
添加上海交大的yum源2:
gedit /etc/yum.repos.d/sjtu.repo
在打開的文件中添加如下行:
[fedora]
name=Fedora releasever - basearch
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=ftp://openware.byr.edu.cn/pub/mirror/fedora/linux/releases/releasever/Everything/basearch/os/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/fedora/linux/releases/releasever/Everything/basearch/os/
ftp://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/fedora/linux/releases/releasever/Everything/basearch/os/
ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/Linux/fedora/releases/releasever/Everything/basearch/os/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-basearch
[updates]
name=Fedora releasever - basearch - Updates
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=ftp://openware.byr.edu.cn/pub/mirror/fedora/linux/updates/releasever/basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/fedora/linux/updates/releasever/basearch/
ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/Linux/fedora/updates/releasever/basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-basearch
然後保存退出。
國內的兩大門戶網易和搜狐都有鏡像服務器,http://mirrors.163.com/和http://mirrors.sohu.com/。
添加他們的源可以看他們的幫助(搜狐用英語),以fedora12為例:
添加搜狐源,點擊fedora後邊的“help”,先下載fedora-sohu.repo和fedora-updates-sohu.repo,放入/etc/yum.repos.d/
運行yum makecache生成緩存即可。
添加163源,點擊fedora後邊的“使用幫助“,下載fedora-163.repo和fedora-updates-163.repo,放入/etc/yum.repos.d/
運行yum makecache生成緩存即可。
三、運行yum makecache生成緩存
#切換到/etc/yum.repos.d/目錄之下,對照著鏈接不上的顯示,將鏈接不上的yum源挨個刪除,yum源有一個對的就好了,多余的不對源反而讓yum用不了。
四,更新系統:su切換到root用戶下,運行 yum update(時間很長)
系統更新完成後應該馬上重啟電腦,這時就會以新內核登錄,在登錄後,執行:sudo updatedb命令(或在root用戶下執行updatedb),該命令更新系統數據庫文件,有時候這個命令很有效,因為系統自動更新數據庫文件是每周一次,而有時我們操作很頻繁,所有手動更新有很多好處
五,設置sudo命令:
首先,打開終端,獲得root環境: su -,並輸入root帳戶密碼。
接著輸入: visudo,將會打開一個配置文件,(會使用VI編輯器打開文件,按字母i輸入,修改完後按ESC後輸入":wq"退出)
找到 root ALL=(ALL) ALL這一行,緊跟此行增加一行
username ALL=(ALL) ALL
即獲得了sudo用戶
完成後執行“exit”命令退出root環境,再執行:sudo whoami,輸入密碼後如果效果是“root”,則配置成功,
這以後就能應用sudo命令而不是每次都必須是root環境了。
六、更新yum插件,以加快下載速度。由於yum中有的mirror速度是非常慢的,如果yum選擇了這個mirror,這個時候yum就會非常慢,可以下載fastestmirror插件和presto插件,它會自動選擇最快的mirror。
yum install yum-presto -y
yum -y install yum-fastestmirror
(此種命令也可:
安裝插件 yum-fastestmirror
sudo yum install yum-fastestmirror
)