使用UCloner備份和恢復Ubuntu系統

UCloner (原名 Ubuntu-cloner ) 是針對 Ubuntu編寫的一個系統備份、恢復、克隆工具，使用UCloner可以將 ubuntu 系統備份為 squashfs 映像文件，也可從映像文件中恢復系統。具體方法如下：

備份：

UCloner 備份時可以使用圖形界面或命令行，這裡介紹圖形界面，下載UCloner後解壓，雙擊UCloner_CN文件，要求管理員密碼。

《圖片》

備份前用清理工具先清理緩存和無效的配置文件，備份時軟件會首先剔除一些常用的掛載點文件夾，還可以手動增加需要排除的文件夾，建議將常用的比如說存放電影，文檔的文件夾排除，（或者將這些文件夾單獨存放到移動硬盤裡進行備份）這裡由軟件自動選取的文件或文件夾是不可以取消的。比如說我手動排除了用戶文件夾裡的軟件，文檔等文件夾，但是沒有排除各種軟件的配置文件夾（就是文件夾名前有“.”的，在用戶文件夾裡按Ctrl+h就可以看到），這樣恢復時軟件設置仍然不變，而文檔存到移動硬盤裡備份使用時也更方便些。

全部選定後可以用“估算體積”功能先估算squashfs文件大小，點擊開始備份，我遇到的一個問題是squashfs文件體積會膨脹，目前不知原因，我估算體積位23.3G但實際備份達到了54.5G，大概半個小時時間，看個人的情況。

恢復：

使用UCloner必須要將備份文件放到另一塊硬盤裡，一般使用移動硬盤，然後是一個Live CD或usb啟動盤，最好是與源系統同版本的，比如ubuntu10.04.2 64位版，否則根據軟件說明的會出現不可知問題。將UCloner放到U盤中，由u盤啟動，使用圖形界面，各種參數介紹非常詳細。

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/Desktop/UCloner-10.10.1/program$ sudo ./ucloner_cmd.py mode=restore lang=cn restore_from=/media/移動硬盤/備份文件夾/2011-04-07_部分備份2.squashfs /=/dev/sda2 /_fs=ext4 /home=/dev/sda6 /home_fs=current /boot=/dev/sda1 /boot_fs=ext4 /usr=/dev/sda5 /usr_fs=ext4 grubdev=/dev/sda swap=/dev/sda7

/tmp/UCloner-source has been made.

/media/移動硬盤/備份文件夾/2011-04-07_部分備份2.squashfs has been mounted to /tmp/UCloner-source.

/dev/sda2 will be formated as ext4 (All data in it will be destroyed!) and mounted to /
/dev/sda1 will be formated as ext4 (All data in it will be destroyed!) and mounted to /boot
/dev/sda6 will use current filesystem, and be mounted to /home
/dev/sda5 will be formated as ext4 (All data in it will be destroyed!) and mounted to /usr
/dev/sda7 will be used as swap (All data in it will be destroyed!)
Grub2 will be installed to /dev/sda

continue ? (y|n)
**********
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var/lib/misc/
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var/lib/mplayer/prefs/
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var/lib/ntpdate/
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var/lib/ocaml/lintian/ocaml-nox.info
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var/lib/ocaml/md5sums/
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var/lib/os-prober/
var/lib/pam/
var/lib/pam/account
var/lib/pam/auth
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var/lib/plymouth/
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var/lib/polkit-1/
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var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla
var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/20-org.d/
var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/30-site.d/
var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/
var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/90-mandatory.d/
var/lib/pulseaudio/
var/lib/pycentral/
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var/lib/security/classpath.security
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var/log/dmesg.4.gz
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var/log/dist-upgrade/
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var/log/fsck/checkfs
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var/log/gdm/:0-greeter.log
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var/log/gdm/:0-slave.log.2
var/log/gdm/:0-slave.log.3
var/log/gdm/:0-slave.log.4
var/log/gdm/:0.log
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var/log/installer/casper.log
var/log/installer/debug
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var/log/samba/
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var/mail/
var/opt/
var/run/
var/run/NetworkManager.pid
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var/run/atd.pid
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var/run/crond.pid
var/run/crond.reboot
var/run/gdm.pid
var/run/network-interface-security
var/run/pppd2.tdb
var/run/rsyslogd.pid
var/run/synaptic.socket
var/run/upstart-udev-bridge.pid
var/run/utmp
var/run/ConsoleKit/
var/run/ConsoleKit/database
var/run/avahi-daemon/
var/run/avahi-daemon/pid
var/run/avahi-daemon/socket
var/run/console/
var/run/console/saker
var/run/cups/
var/run/cups/cups.sock
var/run/cups/cupsd.pid
var/run/cups/printcap
var/run/cups/certs/
var/run/cups/certs/0
var/run/dbus/
var/run/dbus/pid
var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
var/run/gdm/
var/run/gdm/firstserver.stamp
var/run/gdm/auth-for-gdm-OOXrza/
var/run/gdm/auth-for-gdm-OOXrza/database
var/run/gdm/auth-for-saker-Fa84dC/
var/run/gdm/auth-for-saker-Fa84dC/database
var/run/network/
var/run/network/ifstate
var/run/pm-utils/
var/run/pm-utils/locks/
var/run/pm-utils/pm-powersave/
var/run/pm-utils/pm-powersave/storage/
var/run/pppconfig/
var/run/screen/
var/run/sendsigs.omit.d/
var/run/sudo/
var/run/sudo/saker/
var/run/sudo/saker/unknown
var/spool/
var/spool/mail -> ../mail
var/spool/anacron/
var/spool/anacron/cron.daily
var/spool/anacron/cron.monthly
var/spool/anacron/cron.weekly
var/spool/cron/
var/spool/cron/atjobs/
var/spool/cron/atjobs/.SEQ
var/spool/cron/atspool/
var/spool/cron/crontabs/
var/spool/cups/
var/spool/cups/tmp/
var/spool/cups/tmp/.hplip/
var/spool/cups/tmp/.hplip/hplip.conf
var/spool/libreoffice/
var/spool/libreoffice/uno_packages/
var/spool/libreoffice/uno_packages/cache/
var/spool/plymouth/
var/tmp/

sent 8524755020 bytes received 2328270 bytes 32117074.54 bytes/sec
total size is 65486544611 speedup is 7.68

Making system dirs ...
/tmp/UCloner-target/proc has been made.
/tmp/UCloner-target/sys has been made.
/tmp/UCloner-target/tmp has been made.
/tmp/UCloner-target/mnt has been made.
/tmp/UCloner-target/media has been made.
/tmp/UCloner-target/media/cdrom0 has been made.
"chmod 1777 /tmp/UCloner-target/tmp" done.
functions.make_system_dirs() done.

Generating fstab ...
functions.generate_fstab() done.
functions.fix_resume() done.

Instaling grub2 ...
Installing grub2 to /dev/sda ...
Installation finished. No error reported.
Generating grub.cfg ...
Generating grub.cfg ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-30-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-30-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.bin
ls: cannot access /casper-rw-backing: No such file or directory
ls: cannot access /casper-rw-backing: No such file or directory
ls: cannot access /casper-rw-backing: No such file or directory
ls: cannot access /casper-rw-backing: No such file or directory
ls: cannot access /casper-rw-backing: No such file or directory
ls: cannot access /casper-rw-backing: No such file or directory
ls: cannot access /media/移動硬盤: No such file or directory
ls: cannot access /media/移動硬盤: No such file or directory
ls: cannot access /media/移動硬盤: No such file or directory
ls: cannot access /media/移動硬盤: No such file or directory
done
Grub2 installed successfully.
Grub2 han been set up successfully.

System has been restored. 4 minutes and 59 seconds elapsed.

ghost