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Linux命令行多線程、斷點續傳下載工具

日期：2017/2/27 16:01:26 编辑：Linux教程

運維工作中常會在linux命令行下載外網文件或內網進行大文件傳輸，經常使用的文本下載工具wget、curl，今天給大家推薦支持Linux命令行多線程、斷點續傳下載工具axel和myget。

1、系統環境

# lsb_release -a
LSB Version:    :core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-ia32:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-ia32:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description:    CentOS release 5.8 (Final)
Release:        5.8
Codename:       Final

2、下載工具安裝、使用方法介紹
2.1 wget
CentOS 默認已經安裝，如需安裝請運行

# yum install wget -y
wget版本信息
# wget -V
GNU Wget 1.11.4 Red Hat modified

此工具比較常用，使用方法、參數略

2.2 Axel 下載安裝
官方站點http://axel.alioth.debian.org/
源碼包地址
http://alioth.debian.org/frs/?group_id=100070
最新版本axel-2.4源碼包下載地址
http://alioth.debian.org/frs/download.php/3015/axel-2.4.tar.gz
rpm包地址
http://pkgs.repoforge.org/axel/
選擇下載對應系統的rpm包
# wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/axel/axel-2.4-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm
安裝axel
# rpm -ivh axel-2.4-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm
axel版本
# axel -V
Axel version 2.4 (Linux)
axel命令使用方法：
axel [選項參數] url1 [url2] [url……]
axel 參數：

--max-speed=x    #限速值最高速度  
 -s x 
Specify maximum speed (bytes per second)
 --num-connections=x
 -n x #連接數
Specify maximum number of connections
 --output=f #下載為本地文件
 -o f 
Specify local output file
 --search[=x] #搜索鏡像
 -S [x]
Search for mirrors and download from x servers
 --header=x
 -H x     #添加頭文件字符串
Add header string
 --user-agent=x #設置UA
 -U x
Set user agent
 --no-proxy     #不使用代理服務器
 -N
Just don't use any proxy server --quiet         
 --quiet, -q  
No output to stdout. #靜默模式，不輸出到標准輸出
--verbose
 -v
More status information #更多狀態信息
 --alternate
 --help #幫助
 -h
--version #版本
 -V

2.3 myget 下載、安裝
[root@cobbler-1014 ~]# wget http://myget.sourceforge.net/release/myget-0.1.2.tar.gz
[root@cobbler-1014 ~]# tar zxf myget-0.1.2.tar.gz
[root@cobbler-1014 ~]# cd myget-0.1.2
# ./configure && make && make install
mytget版本，注意myget命令為mytget
# mytget -v
myget 0.1.1
命令mytget用法
mytget [選項] [url]
參數

-b, --debug          Show the debug message #看調試信息
-c, --count=num      Set the retry count to [num], no limit when "0", the default is "99" #設置重試次數，0為無限，默認是99次。
-d, --directory=dir Set the local direcotry to [dir], the default is "." #指定下載本地目錄，默認是當前目錄
-f, --file=file      Rename the file to [file] #重命名下載到本地的文件名
-h, --help           A brief summary of all the options #簡短的幫助摘要
-i, --interval=num   Set the ftp retry interval to [num] seconds, the default is "5" #設置ftp重試間隔，單位s，默認5秒
-n, --number=num     Use [num] connections instead of the default (4) #指定連接數，默認4
-r, --referer=URL    Include `Referer: [URL]' header in HTTP request. #包含請求頭 Referer
 -t, --timeout=num    Set the connection timeout to [num] seconds, the default is "30" #設置連接超時時間，默認30秒
-v, --version        Show the version of the myget and exit #查看版本信息
-x, --proxy=URL      Set the proxy [URL]  #設置代理

3、wget、axel、myget測試下載速度對比
3.1 下載速度對比
說明：同一台機器下載同一個數據源鏈接
3.1.1 wget下載

# wget http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
--2013-03-11 09:29:46-- http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Connecting to 10.0.251.154:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 4353378304 (4.1G) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: `CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso'
 
 0% [                                                                                           ] 18,526,067  1.60M/s eta 46m 21s

3.2 axel下載

# axel http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Initializing download: http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
File size: 4353378304 bytes
Opening output file CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso.0
Starting download
 
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 382.3KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 610.9KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 826.5KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [1003.1KB/s]
略
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2055.8KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2074.8KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2093.6KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2111.0KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... ...
Downloaded 2693.8 kilobytes in 1 second. (2113.05 KB/s)
# rm -f CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso*

3.2.1 axel 使用10個線程下載

# axel -n 10 http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Initializing download: http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
File size: 4353378304 bytes
Opening output file CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Starting download
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 440.9KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 707.9KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 935.1KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [1138.8KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [1310.5KB/s]
略
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2180.3KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2196.9KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2189.7KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .........
Downloaded 4139.5 kilobytes in 1 second. (2176.65 KB/s)

3.3 myget下載

# mytget http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Begin to download: CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Filesize: 4.1G
 0% [                       >                       >                       >                         ] [ 27M] [2.5M/s] [ETA:26:58]

3.3.1 myget指定10個線程下載

# mytget -n 10 http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso  
Begin to download: CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Filesize: 4.1G
 0% [        >         >         >        >         >         >        >         >         >          ] [ 39M] [2.6M/s] [ETA:26:27]
# ll CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso.mg\!
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4353378404 Mar 11 12:53 CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso.mg!

下載速度對比結論：axel、myget支持多線程，且速度較快都在2M。

4、斷點續傳對比測試
4.1 axel

# axel -n 10 http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Initializing download: http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
File size: 4353378304 bytes
Opening output file CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Starting download
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 491.8KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 748.4KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [1007.5KB/s]
略
[ 1%] .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... [2509.3KB/s]
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2509.5KB/s]
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... ....
Downloaded 45.3 megabytes in 18 seconds. (2510.95 KB/s)

中止下載，進度已經到1%，下載了45.3mb

再次運行下載命令，繼續從1%斷點續傳

# axel -n 10 http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Initializing download: http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
File size: 4353378304 bytes
Opening output file CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
State file found: 47549233 bytes downloaded, 4305829071 to go.
Starting download
        ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,...... .......... [ 314.4KB/s]
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 603.0KB/s]
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 839.7KB/s]
               略
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [1547.1KB/s]
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [1548.8KB/s]
# rm -f CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso*

4.2 wget

# wget http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
--2013-03-11 09:51:46-- http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Connecting to 10.0.251.154:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 4353378304 (4.1G) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: `CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso'
 1% [                                                                               ] 47,760,647 1.49M/s eta 47m 42s

wget在進度1%中止已經下載47,760,647，再次運行命令，重新開始下載

# wget http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
--2013-03-11 09:53:24-- http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Connecting to 10.0.251.154:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 4353378304 (4.1G) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: `CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso.1'
 0% [                                                                               ] 1,032,445   1.21M/s

wget直接運行不支持斷點續傳
# rm -f CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso*

wget重新測試使其支持斷點續傳

# wget http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
--2013-03-11 12:40:15-- http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Connecting to 10.0.251.154:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 4353378304 (4.1G) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: `CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso'
 1% [>                                                                                          ] 52,620,206  1.57M/s eta 44m 58s

在進度1%，已經下載52,620,206處停止
wget 加-c再次下載，支持斷點續傳

# wget -c http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
--2013-03-11 12:40:56-- http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Connecting to 10.0.251.154:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 206 Partial Content
Length: 4353378304 (4.1G), 4300661972 (4.0G) remaining [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: `CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso'
 1% [+                                                                                          ] 59,663,080 1.59M/s eta 44m 14s
 
# rm -f CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso.mg\!

4.3 myget

# mytget http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Begin to download: CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Filesize: 4.1G
 1% [                       >                       >                        >                        ] [ 45M] [2.1M/s] [ETA:33:06]

下載進度到1% 文件大小45M

# ll CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso.mg\!                                             
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4353378404 Mar 11 12:54 CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso.mg!

再次執行命令，直接從進度1%開始下載

# mytget http://url/iso/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Begin to download: CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Filesize: 4.1G
 1% [                       >                       >                        >                        ] [ 51M] [2.9M/s] [ETA:23:57]

斷點續傳對比，三個工具都支持，但wget需要增加-c參數，axel、myget再次執行命令即可。