1.在 /dev/ 目錄下找到新的硬盤，sda 為本地硬盤，sda1、sda2.. 為分區，sdb 就是新添加的硬盤，如:
[root@linuxidc ~]# ls -ltr /dev/sd*
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 0 11月 14 14:12 /dev/sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 3 11月 14 14:12 /dev/sda3
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 2 11月 14 14:12 /dev/sda2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 1 11月 14 14:12 /dev/sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 11月 14 14:12 /dev/sdb
學習的機器為虛擬機，與真實的物理機器略有不同，真實的物理機器根據硬盤接口類型(IDE、SATA、SCSI、光纖通道和SAS)可能為hda、sda或其它的名稱。
2.使用管理員權限對新的硬盤 /dev/sdb 分區:
[root@linuxidc ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb ####進入分區
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xb7ee5a9d.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m #### 查詢幫助
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n ####創建新的分區
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e ####選擇分區類型(擴展分區、主分區)
Partition number (1-4): 1 ####分區數，這裡分1個區
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 2610 ####這裡輸入分區大小，默認單位為mb
Command (m for help): p ####查看分區表信息
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x35b64cad
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2610 2610 8032+ 5 Extended
Command (m for help): w ####寫入分區信息，如果未確定或想取消，輸入q退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
在寫入分區信息時要仔細核對和確認，寫入分區信息後不可再更改。 分區完成後，新的硬盤還是不能使用的，需要進行格式化。
3.使用mkfs進行格式化硬盤分區:
[sywu@linuxidc ~]$ mkfs
Usage: mkfs [-V] [-t fstype] [fs-options] device [size]
#-t 格式化分區類型,如 ext3、ext4
[root@linuxidc ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb #對分區進行格式化，類型為ext4
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!
無論如何也要繼續? (y,n) y
文件系統標簽=
操作系統:Linux
塊大小=4096 (log=2)
分塊大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5242880 blocks
262144 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一個數據塊=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
正在寫入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
分區格式化完成後使用mount 命令裝載新的分區:
[root@linuxidc ~]# mount /dev/sdb /disk2 #裝載分區
[root@linuxidc ~]# df -h #查詢分區
文件系統 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 掛載點
/dev/sda2 97G 9.9G 82G 11% /
tmpfs 1.9G 200M 1.7G 11% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 52M 133M 28% /boot
/dev/sdb 20G 1.9G 17G 11% /disk2
4.配置新的分區自動裝載:
#在/etc/fstab 中配置分區自動裝載
[root@linuxidc ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Jan 5 08:17:56 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=9c738ca5-810a-46ec-b896-57fc8286b2a5 / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=05b44d26-bd3a-4688-81e1-c83da70512a7 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=7146f132-f77b-4a17-8686-d7c9c9be10ad swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb /disk2 ext4 defaults 1 2 #加入新的分區信息
